TABLE 5.
Developmental Outcomesa
| Sidestream Smoke Exposure on Gestational Days 6–18.5
| ||
|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Shamb | CSEb,c,d |
| Number of Implantations | ||
| Folr2+/+ | 9.9 ± 0.1 | 9.3 ± 0.9 |
| Folr2−/− | 8.5 ± 0.9 | 9.1 ± 0.4 |
| C57BL/6J | 8.5 ± 0.3 | 8.3 ± 0.5 |
| Number of Resorptions | ||
| Folr2+/+ | 1.5 ± 1.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 |
| Folr2−/− | 0.6 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.4e |
| C57BL/6J | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.4 |
| Number of Viable Fetuses | ||
| Folr2+/+ | 8.6 ± 0.9 | 9.3 ± 0.9 |
| Folr2−/− | 8.0 ± 0.8 | 8.0 ± 0.6 |
| C57BL/6J | 8.4 ± 0.4 | 7.7 ± 0.5 |
| Fetal Weight (g) | ||
| Folr2+/+ | 1.13 ± 0.03 | 1.08 ± 0.03 |
| Folr2−/− | 1.19 ± 0.07 | 1.11 ± 0.02 |
| C57BL/6J | 1.18 ± 0.02 | 1.12 ± 0.03 |
| Number of Abnormalities | ||
| Folr2+/+ | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.5 ± 0.2 |
| Folr2−/− f | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.1 |
| C57BL/6J f | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 |
| Crown-Rump Length (mm) | ||
| Folr2+/+ | 27.9 ± 0.4g,h | 25.6 ± 0.4h |
| Folr2−/− | 27.2 ± 0.7 | 26.8 ± 0.5 |
| C57BL/6J | 26.2 ± 0.2g | 25.9 ± 0.1 |
Developmental outcomes were assessed on day 18.5 of gestation.
Outcome data are reported as mean ± SEM for each measure (n = 6–10 litters per group).
CSE = Cigarette Smoke Exposure
There was a smoke-induced decrease in fetal weight and crown-rump length when data was collapsed across strains/genotypes (p < 0.05).
Cigarette smoke exposure on gestational days 6–18.5 resulted in statistically significant increases in the number of resorptions in Folr2−/− dams compared to Folr2+/+ dams (p < 0.05).
There were fewer abnormalities found in Folr2−/− and C57BL/6J litters compared to Folr2+/+ litters, regardless of treatment (p < 0.05).
Sham-exposed C57BL/6J fetuses had a shorter crown-rump length than those of the sham-exposed Folr2+/+ fetuses (p < 0.05).
Exposure to cigarette smoke on gestational day 6–18.5 resulted in statistically significant decreases in crown-rump length of Folr2+/+ fetuses compared to sham-treated Folr2+/+ fetuses (p < 0.05).