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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Anesthesiology. 2008 Oct;109(4):605–612. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818709fa

Table 3.

Summary of Least Squares Estimates of Differences Relative to Wakefulness from Main Effects Mixed Model Analysis of Variance (averaging over anatomic levels)1

Condition => Anesthesia No Advancement vs. Awake Anesthesia 50% Advancement vs. Awake Anesthesia Max Advancement vs. Awake

Variable Est. Diff. LS Means (SE) p-value2 Est. Diff. LS Means (SE) p-value2 Est. Diff. LS Means (SE) p-value2
Airway Area (mm2)) −93.3 31.9 0.007 −58.3 29.9 0.06 13.9 29.9 0.64
AP Diameter (mm) −4.3 1.2 0.001 −2.9 1.1 0.01 −1.1 1.1 0.32
LAT Diameter (mm) −3.6 1.7 0.04 −2.5 1.6 0.12 1.6 1.6 0.33
1

Notes: Overall differences among conditions were significant for airway area [F(3,30)=5.1, p=0.006], anteroposterior (AP) diameter [F(3,30)=5.5, p=0.004], and lateral (LAT) diameter [F(3,30)=4.1, p=0.015], respectively.

2

p-values reflect statistical significance of linear contrasts relative to wakefulness.

Est. Diff. LS Means = least squares estimated mean differences