Table 3.
Means (standard deviations) by gender and ethnicity
| Subscale | Total (N = 1071) | Men (n = 486) | Women (n = 585) | White (n = 863) | African-American (n = 155) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NDSS Drive* | -.08 (1.00) | -.17 (.95)* | .01 (1.03)* | -.06 (.98) | -.16 (1.09) |
| NDSS Priority* | .28 (1.05) | .20 (1.01)* | .35 (1.07)* | .21 (.99) | .23 (.94) |
| NDSS Tolerance | -.16 (1.07) | -.14 (1.06) | -.18 (1.07) | -.15 (1.07) | -.31 (1.07) |
| NDSS Continuity** | -.13 (.97) | -.01 (.92)** | -.22 (1.00)** | -.10 (.97) | -.18 (.94) |
| NDSS Stereotypy** | .20 (.98) | .36 (.93)** | .07 (1.00)** | .21 (.99) | .23 (.97) |
| NDSS Total | -.09 (.93) | -.10 (.92) | -.08 (.94) | -.07 (.91) | -.18 (1.02) |
| WISDM Affiliative Attachment** | 2.98 (1.58) | 2.79 (1.46)** | 3.13 (1.66)** | 3.02 (1.59) | 2.83 (1.55) |
| WISDM Automaticity | 4.56 (1.70) | 4.47 (1.72) | 4.63 (1.67) | 4.56 (1.68) | 4.49 (1.78) |
| WISDM Control‡ | 5.12 (1.40) | 5.08 (1.40) | 5.15 (1.39) | 5.18 (1.36)‡ | 4.75 (1.58)‡ |
| WISDM Behavioral Choice/Melioration† | 3.19 (1.34) | 3.10 (1.30) | 3.26 (1.37) | 3.23 (1.35)† | 2.93 (1.30)† |
| WISDM Cognitive Enhancement‡ | 3.25 (1.61) | 3.18 (1.58) | 3.30 (1.62) | 3.28 (1.61)‡ | 2.83 (1.42)‡ |
| WISDM Cravings | 4.94 (1.30) | 4.92 (1.26) | 4.95 (1.32) | 4.95 (1.24) | 4.79 (1.60) |
| WISDM Cue Exposure/Associative Processes**‡ | 4.69 (1.25) | 4.52 (1.25)** | 4.83 (1.24)** | 4.76 (1.20)‡ | 4.21 (1.48)‡ |
| WISDM Negative Reinforcement**† | 4.16 (1.36) | 3.93 (1.32)** | 4.35 (1.38)** | 4.19 (1.35)† | 3.87 (1.40)† |
| WISDM Positive Reinforcement† | 3.67 (1.44) | 3.60 (1.37) | 3.74 (1.49) | 3.71 (1.43)† | 3.41 (1.50)† |
| WISDM Social/Environmental Goads | 3.79 (1.91) | 3.68 (1.89) | 3.88 (2.00) | 3.82 (1.89) | 3.52 (1.96) |
| WISDM Taste/Sensory Properties | 4.18 (1.41) | 4.20 (1.36) | 4.17 (1.46) | 4.20 (1.37) | 4.06 (1.63) |
| WISDM Tolerance† | 4.90 (1.41) | 4.86 (1.40) | 4.94 (1.42) | 4.85 (1.42)† | 5.16 (1.38)† |
| WISDM Weight Control**† | 2.86 (1.71) | 2.29 (1.38)** | 3.33 (1.81)** | 2.93 (1.71)† | 2.58 (1.68)† |
| WISDM Total**† | 52.28 (12.46) | 50.63 (12.08)** | 53.67 (12.62)** | 52.69 (12.21)† | 49.43 (13.92)† |
| FTND* | 5.41 (2.25) | 5.62 (2.31)* | 5.24 (2.18)* | 5.42 (2.30) | 5.40 (2.01) |
| TDS*† | 6.45 (1.94) | 6.30 (1.95)* | 6.58 (1.92)* | 6.51 (1.90)† | 6.09 (2.13)† |
Independent samples t-tests between genders:
*
p < .05, the Bonferroni corrected alpha for the 22 comparisons for each dependent variable
**
p ≤ .002, the Bonferroni corrected alpha for the 22 comparisons for each dependent variable
Independent samples t-tests between ethnic groups:
†
p < .05, the Bonferroni corrected alpha for the 22 comparisons for each dependent variable
‡
p ≤ .002, the Bonferroni corrected alpha for the 22 comparisons for each dependent variable