Table 1.
Hemodynamic, angiographic, echocardiographic, Doppler, neurohumoral, and electrolyte measures at pretreatment and posttreatment
|
Placebo |
Ran Alone
|
Ran + Ena
|
Ran + Met
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | |
| HR | 79±5 | 82±5 | 77±2 | 80±4 | 82±4 | 84±4 | 84±2 | 80±3 |
| mAoP | 77±4 | 72±3 | 72±3 | 81±7 | 74±4 | 76±5 | 73±3 | 72±5 |
| LVEDP | 14±1 | 15±1 | 14±1 | 10±1* | 13±1 | 9±1* | 14±1 | 7±1* |
| +dP/dt | 1,287±74 | 1,080±203* | 1,253±119 | 1,416±124 | 1,079±77 | 1,349±141 | 1,151±104 | 1,273±103 |
| −dP/dt | 1,458±110 | 1,188±68* | 1,254±74 | 1,460±134 | 1,161±82 | 1,514±205 | 1,416±69 | 1,710±152 |
| EDV | 60±2 | 69±2* | 63±3 | 65±2 | 59±3 | 59±3 | 61±1 | 59±1* |
| ESV | 38±2 | 50±2* | 41±2 | 41±2 | 39±2 | 35±2* | 40±1 | 35±1* |
| EF | 36±1 | 28±1* | 35±1 | 37±2* | 35±1 | 40±1* | 34±1 | 41±1* |
| SV | 22±1 | 19±1* | 22±1 | 24±1* | 21±1 | 24±1* | 20±1 | 24±1* |
| CI | 2.2±0.2 | 1.9±0.1 | 2.0±0.2 | 2.3±0.2* | 2.2±0.1 | 2.6±0.2* | 2.1±0.1 | 2.4±0.1* |
| PE-to-PA | 2.8±0.2 | 2.2±0.2* | 2.7±0.3 | 2.8±0.3 | 2.4±0.3 | 3.1±0.4 | 2.4±0.2 | 3.1±0.3* |
| MR | 11.6±2.3 | 14.1±2.0* | 11.3±1.9 | 10.1±1.3 | 11.9±2.9 | 6.7±1.9* | 10.6±1.8 | 6.0±1.3* |
| DT | 81±3 | 67±3* | 88±3 | 87±4 | 78±4 | 90±5* | 78±6 | 95±5* |
| EDWS | 61±4 | 67±4 | 56±5 | 42±4* | 51±3 | 38±3* | 53±4 | 33±4* |
| Na+ | 148±0.4 | 148±0.7 | 147±0.5 | 147±0.8 | 148±1.0 | 147±0.7 | 148±0.9 | 147±0.8 |
| K+ | 4.6±0.3 | 4.5±0.1 | 4.5±0.1 | 4.7±0.1 | 4.5±0.1 | 4.7±0.1 | 4.6±0.2 | 4.6±0.1 |
| Creat | 0.9±0.1 | 0.9±0.0 | 0.9±0.0 | 1.0±0.1 | 0.9±0.0 | 0.9±0.0 | 0.9±0.0 | 0.9±0.0 |
| BUN | 16±2 | 13±1 | 18±2 | 15±2 | 17±1 | 16±2 | 18±3 | 14±1 |
| PNE | 137±22 | 200±43 | 217±25 | 199±43 | 213±40 | 212±45 | 190±40 | 159±31 |
| PRA | 2.02±0.7 | 2.04±0.1 | 1.69±0.7 | 1.57±0.5 | 1.47±0.3 | 3.49±1.0 | 1.85±0.4 | 1.82±0.6 |
| ANF | 73±8 | 78±3 | 87±15 | 67±11 | 86±16 | 78±3 | 99±13 | 84±12 |
Values are means ± SE. Ran, ranolazine; Ena, enalapril; Met, metoprolol; Pre, pretreatment; Post, postconditioning; HR, heart rate (in beats/min); mAoP, mean aortic pressure (in mmHg); LVEDP, left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure (in mmHg); +dP/dt, peak LV increase in pressure over time (in mmHg/s); −dP/dt, peak LV decrease in pressure over time (in mmHg/s); EDV, LV end-diastolic volume (in ml); ESV, LV end-systolic volume (in ml); EF, LV ejection fraction (in %); SV, stroke volume (in ml); CI, cardiac index (l·min−1·m−2); PE-to-PA, the ratio between peak mitral flow velocity in early diastole and peak mitral inflow velocity during left atrial contraction; MR, severity of mitral regurgitation (in %); DT, deceleration time (in ms); EDWS, LV end-diastolic circumferential wall stress (in gm/cm2); Creat, serum creatinine (in mg/dL); BUN, blood urea nitrogen (in mg/dL); PNE, plasma norepinephrine (in pg/ml); PRA, plasma renin activity (in ng·ml−1·h−1); ANF, atrial natriuretic factor (in pg/ml).
P < 0.05 vs. Pre.