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. 2008 Dec 5;105(49):19108–19113. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0801744105

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4.

The median proportion of time (column with error bars representing minimum and maximum values) the study elephants conducted significant cyclical movements at different frequencies differed when within human-dominated communal areas or protected areas. (A) During the dry season when resources are limited, diurnal cyclical movements occurred predominantly within predator-free protected areas (Wilcoxon signed rank Z = −12, P = 0.023), whereas multiday cycles typically occurred in human-dominated regions outside protected areas, although not significantly (Z = 3, P = 0.125). (B) No differences were found during the wet season when resources are relatively abundant. Where columns are missing, median values were zero.