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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Placenta. 2008 Aug 8;29(9):763–771. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.06.011

Figure 2. AT1-AA interact with AT1 receptors on trophoblasts which synergistically act with ANG II to impair placentation.

Figure 2

Normal RAS function and AT1 receptor activation is imperative for normal placental development. AT1-AA, found in the serum of preeclamptic women, function as ANG II by activating AT1 receptors to increase production of sFlt-1, PAI-1 and NADPH oxidase in trophoblast cells. The 7-AA peptide corresponds to a sequence on the second extracellular loop of the AT1 receptor. AT1-AA-mediated effects can be neutralized by 7-AA. AT1-AA: Angiotensin II type I receptor agonistic autoantibody.