Table 2.
Distribution of means of covariates across latent trajectories of nicotine dependence using posterior probabilitybased multiple imputations in 4-class GMM (new cigarette smokers by Wave 3, N=324)
| Class 1 No DSM (N=152) | Class 2 Early DSM/Chronic (N=68) | Class 3 Early DSM/Remission (N=58) | Class 4 Late DSM (N=46) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covariatesa | % or Mean/(S.D.) | % or Mean/(S.D) | % or Mean/(S.D) | % or Mean/(S.D) | Wald Test (p-value) |
| Male (vs. female) (%) | 46.1 | 46.8 | 34.6 | 39.3 | 0.387 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| White (%) | 26.9 | 32.5 | 26.3 | 44.0 | 0.176 |
| African American (%) | 18.7 | 30.9 | 41.7 | 23.1 | 0.008** |
| Hispanic (%) | 54.4 | 36.6 | 32.0 | 32.9 | 0.002** |
| Onset age of smoking cigarettesb(M(S.D.)) | 13.6(1.3) | 13.9(5.2) | 14.2(0.8) | 13.3(0.8) | 0.002** |
| Pack or more of cigarettes month before 1st DSMc | 3.7 | 26.5 | 20.0 | 15.4 | 0.000*** |
| Alcohol before cigarette onsetb(%) | 31.1 | 48.3 | 48.1 | 39.7 | 0.034* |
| Marijuana before cigarette onsetb(%) | 16.3 | 29.4 | 34.1 | 19.0 | 0.025* |
| Blunt before cigarette onsetb(%) | 9.5 | 30.5 | 25.7 | 19.0 | 0.001** |
| Pleasant initial sensitivity to tobaccob(M(S.D.)) | 1.2(0.4) | 1.6(0.4) | 1.8(0.5) | 1.3(0.2) | 0.000*** |
| Parent self-reported DSM dependence | |||||
| Never smoked (%) | 34.6 | 19.8 | 31.7 | 28.9 | 0.115 |
| Smoked, not dependent (%) | 51.7 | 50.9 | 43.4 | 38.6 | 0.357 |
| Ever dependent (%) | 13.7 | 29.2 | 24.8 | 32.4 | 0.008** |
| Perceived peer smoking (%) | 40.7 | 60.7 | 54.8 | 46.4 | 0.029* |
| Conduct disorder positive screen (%) | 4.1 | 25.4 | 20.1 | 8.4 | 0.000*** |
| Novelty seeking (M(S.D.)) | 2.5(0.7) | 2.7(0.6) | 2.9(0.5) | 2.6(0.5) | 0.003** |
a
Measured at Wave 1, except as noted.
b
Measured when first reported using tobacco or other drugs (W1-W3).
c
From smoking history chart.
†
p<0.10
*
p <0.05
**
p<0.01
***
p<0.001