Table 2. Differential effects of RA and PIC on T-helper cell factors and Ab production in adult mice ¹.

Factor/indicator	Direction of change by RA		Direction of change by PIC	P value for PIC
Th1/type 1-related:
IL-2	----		Increase	**
IL-12	Decrease	**2	Increase	**
IL-12Rβ2	Decrease	*	Increase	*
t-bet	Decrease	*	Increase
IFN-γ	Decrease	**	Increase	**
Th2/type 2-related:
GATA-3			Increase	*
IL-4			Increase	**
IL-10			Increase	**
Bcl-2			Increase	*
Indicators of Th2 to Th1 balance:
IL-4:IFNγ ratio	Increase	**
IL-10:IL12 ratio	Increase	*	Increase	*
Antibody concentrations (in response to TT immunization)
IgM			Increase	**
IgG total			Increase	**
IgG1	Increase	**	Increase	**
IgG2a			Increase	**
IgG2b			Increase	**
Ratio IgG1 to sum of isotypes	Increase	**
Ratio IgG2b to sum of isotypes	Decrease	**

¹From [13] and unpublished results (Y. Ma and A.C. Ross)

²P < 0.05;

^**P<0.01.