. 2008 Fall;10(4):262–280.

Table 3.

Prostate Biopsy Nomograms for Prediction of Prostate Cancer Presence in Initial Biopsy Setting

Reference	Prediction Form	Number of Patients	Variables	Mean Number of Cores (Range)	Cancer Detection Rate (%)	Accuracy (%)	Validation
Babaian RJ et al.¹³¹	Risk group	151	Age, creatinine phosphokinase isoenzyme activity, prostatic acid phosphatase, PSA	6	24	74	Not performed
Eastham JA et al¹¹⁰	Probability nomogram development	700	Age, race, DRE, PSA (0–4 ng/mL)	6	9	75	Internal
Virtanen A et al¹³²	Neural network	212	Percentage free PSA, DRE, heredity	Not available	25	81	Not performed
Finne P et al¹³³	Neural network	656	Percentage free PSA, PSA, DRE, TRUS	Not available	23	Not available	Not performed
Horninger W et al¹³⁴	Neural network	3474	Age, PSA, percentage free PSA, DRE, TRUS, PSA density, PSA density of transition zone, transition zone volume	Not available	Not available	Not available	Not performed
Kalra P et al¹³⁵	Neural network	348	Age, ethnicity, heredity, IPSS, DRE, PSA, complexed PSA	6	Not available	83	Not performed
Garzotto M et al¹¹¹	Probability nomogram development	1239	Age, race, family history, referral indications, prior vasectomy, DRE, PSA (≤ 10 ng/mL), PSA density, TRUS findings	6.7 (6–13)	24	73	Not performed
Finne P et al¹³⁶	Neural network	1775	DRE, percentage free PSA, TRUS, PSA	Not available	22	76	Not performed
Karakiewicz PI et al¹¹²	Probability nomogram development	6469	Age, DRE, PSA, percentage free PSA	6	35–42	77	Internal and external
Suzuki H et al¹³⁷	Probability nomogram development	834	Age, PSA, percentage free PSA, prostate volume, DRE	≥ 6	29	82	Internal
Chun FK et al¹²⁸	Probability nomogram validation¹¹² and development	2900	Age, DRE, PSA, percentage free PSA, sampling density^*	11 (10–20)	41	77	Internal and external
Porter CR et al¹³⁸	Neural network	3814	Age, PSA, gland volume, PSA density, DRE, TRUS	6	27–42	72–75	Internal and external

Sampling density = ratio of TRUS-derived total gland volume by the number of cores at biopsy.

DRE, digital rectal examination; IPSS, International Prostate Symptom Score; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; TRUS, transrectal ultrasound of the prostate.