Table 4.
Prostate Biopsy Nomograms for Prediction of Prostate Cancer Presence in Other Than Initial Biopsy Setting
| Reference | Prediction Form | Design | Number of Patients | Variables | Median Number of Previous Biopsy Sessions (Range) | Mean Number of Cores (Range) | Cancer Detection Rate (%) | Accuracy (%) | Validation |
| Repeat biopsy | |||||||||
| O’Dowd GJ et al66 | Probability nomogram development | Repeat biopsy | 813 | Age, initial biopsy diagnosis, PSA, percentage free PSA | Not available | Not available | 29 | 70 | Not performed |
| Lopez-Corona E et al114 | Probability nomogram development | Repeat biopsy | 343 | Age, DRE, number of previous negative biopsies, HGPIN history, ASAP history, PSA, PSA slope, family history, months from initial negative biopsy | 2.9 (2–12) | 9.2 (6–22) | 20 | 70 | Internal |
| Remzi M et al139 | Neural network | Repeat biopsy | 820 | PSA, percentage free PSA, TRUS, PSA density, PSA density of the transition zone, transition zone volume | Not available | 8 | 10 | 83 | Not performed |
| Yanke BV et al140 | Probability nomogram validation114 | Repeat biopsy | 230 (356 biopsies) | Age, DRE, number of previous negative biopsies, HGPIN history, ASAP history, PSA, PSA slope, family history, months from initial negative biopsy, months from previous negative biopsy | 2.6 (2–7) | 17.9 (12–54) | 34 | 71 | Internal |
| Chun FK et al113 | Probability nomogram development | Repeat biopsy | 2393 | Age, DRE, PSA, percentage free PSA, number of previous negative biopsies, sampling density* | 1.5 (1–7) | 11 (10–24) | 30 | 76 | Internal and external |
| Saturation biopsy | |||||||||
| Walz J et al115 | Probability nomogram development | Repeat saturation biopsy | 161 | Age, PSA, percentage free PSA, prostate and BPH volume, PSA doubling time, PSA density of the transition zone, number of previous biopsy sessions, number of cores at saturation biopsy | 2.5 (2–5) | 24.5 (20–32) | 41 | 75 | Internal |
| Mixed: Initial and repeat biopsy | |||||||||
| Snow PB et al141 | Neural network | Initial and repeat biopsy | 1787 | Age, change on PSA, DRE, PSA, TRUS | Not available | 6 | 34 | 87 | Not performed |
| Carlson GD et al142 | Probability table | Initial and repeat biopsy | 3773 | Age, PSA, percentage free PSA | Not available | 6 | 33 | Not available | Internal |
| Djavan B et al143 | Neural network | Initial and repeat biopsy | 272 | PSA density of the transition zone, percentage free PSA, PSA density, TRUS (PSA, 2.5–4.0 ng/mL) | Not available | 8 | 24 | 88 | Not performed |
| 974 | PSA density of the transition zone, Not percentage free PSA, PSA velocity, transition zone volume, PSA, PSA density (PSA, 4.0–10.0 ng/mL) | Not available | 8 | 35 | 91 | Not performed | |||
| Stephan C et al144 | Neural network | Initial and repeat biopsy | 1188 | Age, DRE, PSA, percentage free PSA, TRUS | Not available | Not available | 61 | 86 | Not performed |
| Porter CR et al145 | Neural network | Initial and repeat biopsy | 319 | Age, PSA, gland volume, TRUS, DRE, previous negative biopsy, African American race | Not available | 9.7 (6–10) | 39 | 76 | Not performed |
| Matsui Y et al146 | Neural network | Initial and repeat biopsy | 228 | PSA density, DRE, age, TRUS | Not available | 10–12 | 26 | 73 | Not performed |
| Benecchi L147 | Neural network | Initial and repeat biopsy | 1030 | Age, PSA, percentage free PSA | Not available | 6–12 | 19 | 80 | Not performed |
| Yanke BV et al148 | Probability nomogram development | Initial and repeat biopsy | 8851 | Age, race, PSA, DRE, number of cores | Not available | 6–13 | 27–38 | 75 | Internal |
*
Sampling density = ratio of TRUS-derived total gland volume by the number of cores at biopsy.
ASAP, atypical small acinar proliferation of prostate; DRE, digital rectal examination; HGPIN, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; TRUS, transrectal ultrasound prostate.