Table 2.

The modified Frankel grading system

Grade	Neurological status
A	Complete motor loss and sensory loss
B	Preserved sensation only, voluntary motor function absent
C	Preserved motor less than fair grade (nonfunctional for any useful purpose)
D1	Preserved motor at lowest functional grade (3+/5+) and/or with bowel or bladder paralysis with normal or reduced voluntary motor function
D2	Preserved motor at midfunctional grade (3+ to 4+/5+) and/or with neurogenic bowel or bladder dysfunction
D3	Preserved motor at high-functional grade (4+ to 5+) and normal voluntary bowel or bladder function
E	Complete motor loss and sensory function normal (may still have abnormal reflexes)