MDM2-A enhances senescence in a p21-independent manner. (A) SA-βgal staining in wild-type and Mdm2-a transgenic MEFs. (B) Histogram of passage 6, SA-βgal-positive cells in wild-type, p53-null and p21-null MEFs with, and without, MDM2-A. (C) Growth curve of p21-null (circles, solid line) and Mdm2-a–p21-null (squares, dotted line) MEFs.