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. 2009 Jan 8;338:a2981. doi: 10.1136/bmj.a2981

Table 3.

 Mental health outcomes in adulthood according to level of externalising behaviour in adolescence (none, mild, severe). Figures are percentage of survey members with adjusted* odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals

None Mild Severe Mild v none Severe v none
Adult depression-anxiety:
 No symptoms 53.1 49.7 45.1 1.1 (0.9 to 1.3) 1.3 (1.0 to 1.7)†
 Mild-moderate symptoms 43.5 45.5 47.7
 Severe symptoms 3.4 4.9 7.2
Self reported history of nervous trouble:
 Not reported 78.3 74.8 71.2 1.3 (1.0 to 1.6) 1.5 (1.0 to 2.2)†
 Reported once 15.8 16.7 19.7
 Reported twice 6.0 8.5 9.1
Alcohol abuse:
 No abuse 89.3 85.8 86.0 1.4 (1.0 to 1.9)† 1.2 (0.7 to 2.1)
 Abuse recorded once 8.4 10.4 10.6
 Abuse recorded twice 2.3 3.8 3.4

*Adjusted for sex, father’s social class, cognitive ability, and depression-anxiety in adolescence.

†Significant at P<0.05.