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Accumulated energy removal. “Isothermic” is hemodialysis (HD) under core temperature (CT) control conditions (i.e., no change in CT). “Cooling” is HD under CT control conditions (i.e., decline in CT of 0.5°C versus baseline). “Thermoneutral” is HD under energy-neutral conditions (i.e., no change in energy flow). Boxes indicate 25 to 75% with median value; capped bars indicate the range of data.
