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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biomaterials. 2008 Sep 23;29(35):4684–4690. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.08.016

Figure 3. Antibacterial activity of Vanc-Ti rods following multiple challenges.

Figure 3

Control and Vanc-Ti surfaces were incubated with bacteria for 24 h, stripped by detergent lysis, imaged, and re-incubated with bacteria for another 24 h; the cycle was repeated 7 times and bacteria were visualized with the Live/Dead stain. (A) Abundant bacteria (green) colonized the control surfaces. In contrast, the Vanc-Ti showed minimum bacterial staining, indicative of significant inhibition of bacterial colonization after each cycle. Magnification: bar = 200 µm. (B) The fluorescent area of the rods was measured and normalized to the control area for each challenge. Subsequent to the first 3 independent challenges, the surfaces show some variability in their response to further cycles of challenge. Values shown are the average ± S.E. of 3 independent experiments (*Significantly different from control, p < 0.05).