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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biomaterials. 2008 Sep 23;29(35):4684–4690. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.08.016

Figure 4. Antimicrobial activity of the Vanc-Ti surface in the presence of serum.

Figure 4

(A) Fibronectin adsorption and vancomycin fluorescence. (Left) Control or Vanc-Ti rods were incubated with FBS for 24 h and fibronectin adsorption detected by immunofluorescence analysis. Both surfaces showed abundant fibronectin (red stain), compared to the rods incubated in H2O. (Right) Following incubation with serum proteins, rods were incubated with an antibody against vancomycin and visualized by immunofluorescence. Despite protein adsorption, vancomycin fluorescence (blue stain) was clearly detectable on the Vanc-Ti rods, with no staining on control surfaces. (B) Antimicrobial activity. Vanc-Ti rods that had been treated with serum proteins were challenged with S. epidermidis for 24 h and live, adherent bacteria stained with the Live/Dead kit (green). Fluorescence detected from the serum-treated Vanc-Ti rods was very low and similar to the fluorescence detected from the H2O-incubated Vanc-Ti rods. In both cases, this fluorescence was much less intense than the fluorescent yield generated by bacteria that had colonized the control rods. Magnification: bar = 200 µm.