Table 2.

Generalized estimating equations model for 48 hour and 30 day postoperative mortality^a

	Coefficient (B)	Standard Error	p valueb	Exp(B)c	95% CI for Exp(B)d
48 hour postoperative mortality
ASA PS	2.26	0.60	p < 0.0005	9.57	2.97–30.85
Age	0.57	0.27	p < 0.05	1.75	1.04–2.98
Emergency Operation	2.06	0.27	p < 0.0005	7.81	4.57–13.34
Trauma	0.19	0.53	N. S.	1.21	0.43–3.43
Perioperative Hypothermia	0.30	0.47	N. S.	1.36	0.54–3.43
Perioperative Adverse Event	2.48	0.31	p < 0.0005	11.91	6.46–21.96
Postoperative ICU Admission	0.88	0.31	p < 0.01	2.42	1.32–4.43
Total time under Anesthesia Care	0.52	0.37	N. S.	1.67	0.81–3.45
Anesthesia type	1.06	0.71	N. S.	2.90	0.72–11.75
Deliberate Hypotension	0.49	1.28	N. S.	1.64	0.13–20.09
Arterial Line	−0.47	0.37	N. S.	0.62	0.30–1.28
Cardiovascular Catheter	0.66	0.43	N. S.	1.93	0.83–4.49
Pulmonary artery Catheter	−0.57	0.45	N. S.	0.56	0.23–1.37
30 day postoperative mortality
ASA PS	2.72	0.37	p < 0.0005	15.20	7.31–31.56
Age	0.59	0.14	p < 0.0005	1.79	1.37–2.35
Emergency Operation	1.18	0.15	p < 0.0005	3.25	2.42–4.37
Trauma	0.36	0.31	N. S.	1.43	0.78–2.61
Perioperative Hypothermia	0.15	0.29	N. S.	1.17	0.66–2.06
Perioperative Adverse Event	1.37	0.25	p < 0.0005	3.92	2.41–6.37
Postoperative ICU Admission	1.09	0.15	p < 0.0005	2.96	2.19–4.00
Total Time Under Anesthesia Care	−0.08	0.19	N. S.	0.93	0.64–1.36
Anesthesia type	1.20	0.39	p < 0.01	3.32	1.54–7.16
Deliberate Hypotension	−0.68	1.06	N. S.	0.50	0.06–4.03
Arterial line	−0.02	0.18	N. S.	0.98	0.69–1.39
Cardiovascular Catheter	0.08	0.25	N. S.	1.09	0.67–1.77
Pulmonary artery Catheter	−0.66	0.30	p < 0.05	0.52	0.29–0.93

Notes: ^aThe table lists the results of the Generalized Estimating Equations model, with risk factors of ASA PS (3,4,5 vs. 1,2), age (0–1 or 65+ years vs. 2–64 years), emergency procedure (yes vs. no), trauma (yes vs. no), preoperative hypothermia (yes vs. no), perioperative adverse event (yes vs. no), ICU admission postoperatively (yes vs. no), total time under anesthesia care (top 25% vs. bottom 75%), anesthesia type (general vs. MAC, regional or combined for death within 48 h; general or MAC vs. regional or combined for death within 30 days), and invasive monitoring via arterial line, cardiovascular catheter or pulmonary artery catheter (yes vs. no);

^b“N.S. stands for that significant.”;

^cExp(B) is an estimate of the odds ratio for each risk factor;

^d95% Confidence Intervals (CI) are provided for each Exp(B) estimate.

Abbreviations: ASA PS, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status; d, day; h, hour; ICU, intensive care unit; MAC, monitored anesthesia care; NS, not significant.