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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Int J Obes (Lond). 2008 Dec 2;33(1):173–180. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2008.256

Table 3.

Psychological characteristics by method of initial weight loss: Registry entry to 1-year follow-up

	Surgery Mean (± SD)^*	Non-surgical Mean (± SD)^*	p^§
	Surgery Mean (± SD)^*	Non-surgical Mean (± SD)^*	Group	Time	Group × Time
Depression
Entry	12.3 (12.2)	9.2 (8.5)
1 yr	17.2 (14.8)	11.9 (10.2)	0.015	0.001	0.230
Stress
Entry	6.6 (3.6)	4.9 (2.6)
1 yr	6.4 (4.0)	5.2 (3.0)	0.015	0.879	0.234
Dietary restraint
Entry	12.8 (4.7)	15.4 (3.3)
1 yr	12.7 (5.0)	15.4 (3.1)	0.001	0.692	0.622
Disinhibition
Entry	7.8 (4.0)	7.4 (3.6)
1 yr	7.7 (4.0)	7.7 (3.9)	0.679	0.613	0.215
Hunger
Entry	5.5 (3.2)	4.5 (3.2)
1 yr	5.6 (3.7)	4.8 (3.3)	0.066	0.095	0.473

^*

Actual (unadjusted values);

^§

ANCOVA with repeated measures F test (two-tailed; p value adjusted for differences in education)