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. 2009 Jan 1;32(1):65–72.

Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics at Year 5 by Hypertensive Status at Year 11

Total (n=1,419) Normotensive at Year 11 (n=912) Hypertensive at Year 11 (n=507) P value
Age 73.5 ± 4.39 73.53 ± 4.47 73.46 ± 4.26 0.77
Gender (Male) 579 (40.8) 399 (43.8) 180 (35.5) < 0.01
Race (AA) 150 (10.6) 99 (10.9) 51 (10.1) 0.71
DFA 281 (20.1) 171 (19) 110 (22) 0.21
SCD 813 (58.4) 513 (57.3) 300 (60.2) 0.32
EMA 421 (30.4) 262 (29.4) 159 (32.3) 0.3
DFA & SCD 235 (16.7) 143 (15.9) 92 (18.4) 0.26
DFA & EMA 168 (12) 101 (11.2) 67 (13.3) 0.27
DFA & EMA – SCD 158 (11.2) 95 (10.5) 63 (12.6) 0.28
Education (≥ 12 yrs) 1110 (78.4) 737 (81.1) 373 (73.7) < 0.01
Income (≥ $25,000) 629 (47.7) 422 (49.9) 207 (43.7) 0.03
Estrogen use (women) 140 (9.9) 74 (8.1) 66 (13) < 0.01
CESD (Depressed) 1213 (85.6) 792 (86.9) 421 (83.2) 0.07
CHD 224 (15.8) 140 (15.4) 84 (16.6) 0.6
BMI 26.26 ± 4.09 26.06 ± 3.93 26.62 ± 4.35 0.02
FEV1 2.13 ± 0.7 2.18 ± 0.69 2.06 ± 0.73 < 0.01
Smoking status 0.58
    Never 626 (45.2) 395 (44.2) 231 (47)
    Former 608 (43.9) 401 (44.9) 207 (42.1)
    Current 152 (11) 98 (11) 54 (11)
Glucose status 0.03
    Normal 1144 (83.2) 746 (84.8) 398 (80.4)
    IFG 104 (7.6) 66 (7.5) 38 (7.7)
    Diabetes 127 (9.2) 68 (7.7) 59 (11.9)
Alcohol use 0.07
    None 572 (40.6) 346 (38.3) 226 (44.8)
    Previous 105 (7.5) 65 (7.2) 40 (7.9)
    < 1 drink 280 (19.9) 197 (21.8) 83 (16.5)
    1 to 6 drinks 254 (18) 165 (18.3) 89 (17.7)
    ≥ 7 drinks 197 (14) 131 (14.5) 66 (13.1)

Numbers are means ± standard deviations or counts (percentages within columns). P-values are from t-tests or Chi-squared tests used as appropriate, comparing those who were hypertensive at year 11 to those who were normotensive at year 11.

EMA=early morning awakening; DFA=difficulty falling asleep; SCD=sleep continuity disturbance; IFG=impaired fasting glucose; BMI=body mass index; FEV1=forced expired volume in one second; CHD=coronary heart disease; AA=African American

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