Table 4.
Validity of the Depression Screens at 0 to 1 Month Postpartum (n = 438 Women, 20 With Major Depression)
| Major Depressiona | Validity, % (n/n) | ||||||
| Depression Screen and Result | No | Yes | Total | Sensitivity | Specificity | PPV | NPV |
| 2-Question screen (yes/no) | 100 (20/20) | 62 (259/418) | 11 (20/179) | 100 (259/259) | |||
| Negative | 259 | 0 | 259 | ||||
| Positive | 159 | 20 | 179 | ||||
| Total | 418 | 20 | 438 | ||||
| PHQ-2 (Likert response)b | 75 (15/20) | 88 (368/416) | 24 (15/63) | 99 (368/373) | |||
| Negative | 368 | 5 | 373 | ||||
| Positive | 48 | 15 | 63 | ||||
| Total | 416 | 20 | 436 | ||||
| PHQ-9 with simple scoringc | 75 (15/20) | 91 (380/418) | 28 (15/53) | 99 (380/385) | |||
| Negative | 380 | 5 | 385 | ||||
| Positive | 38 | 15 | 53 | ||||
| Total | 418 | 20 | 438 | ||||
| PHQ-9 with complex scoringd | 55 (11/20) | 94 (394/418) | 31 (11/35) | 98 (394/403) | |||
| Negative | 394 | 9 | 403 | ||||
| Positive | 24 | 11 | 35 | ||||
| Total | 418 | 20 | 438 | ||||
NPV = negative predictive value; PHQ-2 = 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-9 = 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire; PPV = positive predictive value. Note: Values are numbers of women unless otherwise indicated.
a Women were defined as having major depression if they had a positive result on the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - DSM-IV (SCID).
b Consists of the first 2 questions of the PHQ-9.
c Simple scoring: result is positive if sum of numbered responses is ≥10.
d Complex scoring: result is positive if at least 5 symptoms are present, including symptom 1, symptom 2, or both, and each symptom present has a response score of 2 to 3, except for symptom 9, for which a response score of 1 to 3 was acceptable.