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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Cycle. 2008 Oct 7;7(19):2949–2955. doi: 10.4161/cc.7.19.6760

Figure 1. The insulin-like growth factor system and its potential role in tumorigenesis.

Figure 1

The IGF system ligands IGF-1, IGF-2, and insulin (Ins) circulate and interact with binding proteins (IGF-BP) or bind to the membrane-bound receptors IGF-1R, IGF-2R, the insulin receptor itself (IR) or hybrid receptors (IGF-1R/IR). Ligand binding results in receptor autophosphorylation and activation of downstream signaling pathways leading to cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis.