Table 1. Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study.

Strain/ plasmid	Relevant characteristics*	Reference or source
Strains
MGN-617	SM10 λpir derivative, thi thr leu tonA lacY supE λpir recA::RP4-2-Tc::Mu (Kmr) ΔasdA1	[33]
TOP10	E. coli K-12, Lac− F− Strr	Invitrogen
χ833	E. coli K-12, Lac− F− Strr	This study
χ2934	E. coli K-12, Lac− F− Nalr	This study
χ6092	E. coli K-12, Lac− F− Tcr	This study
χ7122	APEC O78∶K80∶H9, gyrA Nalr	[22]
χ7273	χ7122 tsh::tetAR(B), Nalr Tcr	[16]
χ7276	E. coli K-12 MG1655 Tn10::kan, Kmr	[16]
χ7277	χ7276 pAPEC-1-1 pAPEC-2, Kmr Tcr	[16]
χ7345	χ2934 pAPEC-1-1 Nalr Tcr	This study
χ7346	χ6092 pAPEC-1 Tcr	This study
χ7396	MGN-617 pAPEC-1-1, Kmr Tcr Asd−	This study
39R681	E. coli containing four plasmids 147 kb, 63 kb, 35.85 kb, and 6.9 kb	[83]
Plasmids
pAPEC-1	Virulence plasmid of APEC χ7122	[16]
pAPEC-1-1	pAPEC-1 tsh::tetAR	[16]

^*Km, kanamycin; Nal, nalidixic acid; Str, streptomycin; Tc, tetracyclin.