Table 3.
Bone density, structure and strength at the distal radius, comparing Rochester, MN residents with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (cases) to age- and sex-matched community controls (47 matched pairs)
| Variables | Women
|
Men
|
Both sexes combined
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (mean ± sd) | Controls (mean ± sd) | Δ (%) | Cases (mean ± sd) | Controls (mean ± sd) | Δ (%) | Cases (mean ± sd) | Controls (mean ± sd) | Δ (%) | |
| Bone density | |||||||||
| Total vBMD (mg/cm3) | 526 ± 80 | 462 ± 105 | 19 | 552 ± 104 | 524 ± 107 | 8 | 538 ± 91 | 490 ± 110a | 14 |
| Trabecular vBMD (mg/cm3) | 256 ± 59 | 202 ± 80a | 51 | 299 ± 77 | 286 ± 61 | 8 | 275 ± 71 | 240 ± 83a | 32 |
| Cortical vBMD (mg/cm3) | 1573 ± 89 | 1564 ± 96 | 1 | 1604 ± 72 | 1603 ± 72 | 0 | 1587 ± 83 | 1581 ± 87 | <1 |
| Bone structure | |||||||||
| Total area (cm2) | 2.7 ± 0.3 | 2.7 ± 0.3 | 0 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 4.3 ± 1.0a | −10 | 3.2 ± 0.7 | 3.4 ± 1.1a | −4 |
| Endocortical area (cm2) | 1.8 ± 0.3 | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 0 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 3.1 ± 0.9 | −10 | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 0.9a | −5 |
| Cortical thickness (mm) | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 9 | 2.3 ± 0.4 | 2.4 ± 0.3 | −3 | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 4 |
| Bone strength relative to load | |||||||||
| Fall load (N) | 2662 ± 45 | 2662 ± 46 | 0 | 2752 ± 39 | 2780 ± 57 | −1 | 2701 ± 62 | 2713 ± 77 | 0 |
| Flexural rigidity (EI, kN · cm2) | 300 ± 63 | 285 ± 65 | 10 | 642 ± 197 | 777 ± 255 | −6 | 453 ± 220 | 505 ± 303 | 3 |
| Ratio (90° fall load ÷ EI × 100) | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | −2 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 30 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 12 |
a
P < 0.05, adjusted for differences in BMI.