Figure 1.

Chronological accounting of the discovery of type 2 diabetes-associated genes, plotted by year of definitive publication and approximate effect size. Within each group, darker colors indicate biological candidate genes (PPARG, KCNJ11, HNF1B, WFS1, HNF4A, HNF1A, and ENPP1), and lighter colors denote loci identified via agnostic genome-wide approaches. In gray are genes implicated in type 2 diabetes by considerable functional and genetic evidence but for which genome-wide statistical evidence of association has not been reached. Allelic effect sizes are derived from Ref. 109, except for PPARG (110), KCNJ11 (16), TCF7L2 (67), the six genes identified in 2008 (103), HNF4A (30), HNF1A (31), CAPN10 (51), and ENPP1 (45).