Table 4. Spearman rank R correlation for cytokines in granulomas of pleural TB patients.

Cytokines	Type of Granuloma
	Non-necrotic	Necrotic	HIV negative	HIV positive
IL-12 vs IFN-γ	0.49 (0.00)*	0.32 (0.83)	0.49 (0.00)*	−0.16 (0.30)
IL-12 vs TNF-α	0.44 (0.00)*	−0.17 (0.24)	0.49 (0.00)*	−0.45 (0.003)*
IL-12 vs IL-4	0.39 (0.00)*	0.21 (0.15)	0.47 (0.00)*	−0.04 (0.80)
IFN-γ vs TNF-α	0.58 (0.00)*	0.63 (0.00)*	0.66 (0.00)*	0.38 (0.01)
IFN-γ vs IL-4	0.33 (0.0003)*	0.65 (0.00)*	0.52 (0.00)*	0.22 (0.16)
TNF-α vs IL-4	0.46 (0.00)*	0.34 (0.02)*	0.59 (0.00)*	0.08 (0.60)

IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-4 mRNA expression was examined by in situ hybridisation on granulomas from pleural biopsies. Statistically significant correlations are noted with * with p-values in brackets.