Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients according to HIV status.

Category	Subcategory	HIV-positive	HIV-negative	p-value*
		(n = 93)	(n = 68)
Male sex, n (%)		68 (73.1)	36 (52.9)	0.01
Age, median (IQR)		28 (23–37)	35 (29–42)	<0.01
BMI, median (range)		18.3 (13.2–23.8)	17.7 (12.0–27.6)	0.03
Lymphocyte count/µl, median (IQR)		1640 (1252–2263)	1510 (1230–2218)	0.80
CD4 cell count/µl, median (IQR)		519 (317–778)	272 (172–478)	<0.01
Smear grade†	0, n (%)	18 (19)	17 (25)	0.39
	1–9, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)	n/a
	1+, n (%)	6 (6)	11 (16)	0.05
	2+, n (%)	22 (24)	11 (16)	0.25
	3+, n (%)	42 (45)	28 (41)	0.61
	Unknown, n (%)	5 (6)	1 (2)

^*p-value for difference between HIV-negative and HIV–positive patients. IQR: Inter-quartile range.

^†Smear grade by sputum microscopy: 0 (no acid fast bacilli [AFB] on smear), 1–9 (exact number of AFB per 100 fields), 1+ (10–99 AFB per 100 fields), 2+ (1–10 AFB per field) and 3+ (more than 10 AFB per field).