Table 4.
Hypothesized predictors of participation in methadone maintenance for at least 3 months in the past 6 months among participants who ever used opiates
| Characteristic | Total N | Percent in treatment | univariate OR (95% CI) | multivariate aOR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 535 | 26.7% | ||
| Individual characteristics | ||||
| Problems with drug use scale above mean | ||||
| no | 231 | 26.8% | (reference category) | |
| yes | 304 | 26.6% | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) | PE = 0.8124 * |
| Plans to stop scale above mean | ||||
| no | 227 | 22.0% | (reference category) | |
| yes | 308 | 30.2% | 1.5 (1.0, 2.3) * | 1.3 (0.9, 2.0) |
| Plans to control scale above mean | ||||
| no | 244 | 21.7% | (reference category) | |
| yes | 291 | 30.9% | 1.6 (1.1, 2.4) * | 1.3 (0.8, 2.0) |
| Social characteristics | ||||
| Friends encourage treatment | ||||
| no | 175 | 22.3% | (reference category) | |
| yes | 360 | 28.9% | 1.4 (0.9, 2.2) | PE = 1.0935 * |
| Drug buddies discuss using less very often | ||||
| no | 457 | 26.3% | (reference category) | |
| yes | 78 | 29.5% | 1.2 (0.7, 2.0) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.4) |
| Does not get drugs from others | ||||
| no | 399 | 22.8% | (reference category) | |
| yes | 136 | 38.2% | 2.1 (1.4, 3.2) * | 2.1 (1.3, 3.3) * |
| Does not get encouraged to use | ||||
| no | 262 | 24.0% | (reference category) | |
| yes | 273 | 29.3% | 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.7) |
| Control variables | ||||
| Injected drugs | ||||
| no | 271 | 26.6% | (reference category) | |
| yes | 264 | 26.9% | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.7) |
| Participated in 12-step program | ||||
| no | 389 | 20.6% | (reference category) | |
| yes | 146 | 43.2% | 2.9 (1.9, 4.4) * | 2.7 (1.7, 4.2) * |
| Female gender | ||||
| no | 322 | 19.9% | (reference category) | |
| yes | 213 | 37.1% | 2.4 (1.6, 3.5) * | 2.8 (1.8, 4.4) * |
| Age | ||||
| mean (SD) - not in treatment | 43.3 (6.8) | (reference category) | ||
| mean (SD) - in treatment | 44.6 (6.7) | 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.1) * | |
| Employed at least part time | ||||
| no | 419 | 27.7% | (reference category) | |
| yes | 116 | 23.3% | 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.3) * |
| Self-reported HIV infected | ||||
| no | 450 | 25.6% | (reference category) | |
| yes | 85 | 32.9% | 1.4 (0.9, 2.4) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.6) |
| Frequency of opiate use - daily user | ||||
| no | 377 | 29.2% | (reference category) | |
| yes | 158 | 20.9% | 0.6 (0.4, 1.0) * | 0.6 (0.4, 1.0) |
| Interaction term | ||||
| Problems with drug use * Friends encourage treatment | p = 0.0051 | PE = −1.2444 * | ||
*
p<0.05
PE = multivariate parameter estimate of main effects and interaction term