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. 2008 Oct;4(5):893–918. doi: 10.2147/ndt.s2627

Table 3.

Synaptamine complex review

Supplemental ingredient Restored brain chemical Addictive substance abuse Amino acid deficiency symptoms Expected behavior change
D-Phenylalanine or DL-Phenylalanine Enkephalins Endorphins Heroin, alcohol, marijuana, sweets, starches, chocolate, tobacco Most reward deficiency syndrome (RDS) conditions sensitive to physical or emotional pain. Crave comfort and pleasure. Desire certain food or drugs. D-phenylalanine is a known enkephalinase inhibitor. Reward stimulation. Anti-craving. Mild antidepression. Mild improved energy and focus. D-Phenylalanine promotes pain relief, increases pleasure.
L-Phenylalanine or L-Tyrosine Norepinephrine Dopamine Caffeine, speed, cocaine, marijuana, aspartame, chocolate, alcohol, tobacco, sweets, starches Most RDS conditions. Depression, low energy. Lack of focus and concentration. Attention-deficit disorder. Reward stimulation. Anti-craving. Anti-depression. Increased energy. Improved mental focus.
L-Tryptophan or 5 hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) Serotonin Sweets, alcohol, starches, ecstasy, marijuana, chocolate, tobacco Low self-esteem. Obsessive/compulsive behaviors. Irritability or rage. Sleep problems. Afternoon or evening cravings. Negativity. Heat intolerance. Fibromyalgia, SAD (winter blues). Anti-craving. Anti-depression. Anti-insomnia. Improved appetite control. Improvement in all mood and other serotonin deficiency symptoms.
GABA (Gamma-amino butyric acid) GABA Valium, alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, sweets, starches Feeling of being stressed-out. Nervous. Tense muscles. Trouble relaxing. Promotes calmness. Promotes relaxation.
L-Glutamine GABA (mild enhancement) Fuel source for entire brain Sweets, starches, alcohol Stress. Mood swings. Hypoglycemia. Anti-craving, anti-stress. Levels blood sugar and mood. GABA (mild enhancement). Fuel source for entire brain.

Note: To assist in amino-acid nutritional therapy, the use of a multi-vitamin/mineral formula is recommended. Many vitamins and minerals serve as co-factors in neurotransmitter synthesis. They also serve to restore general balance, vitality and well-being to the reward deficiency syndrome (RDS) patient who typically is in a state of poor nutritional health. The utilization of GABA is limited due to its polar nature and ability to cross the blood brain barrier and glutamate is used in a low level only to prevent over-inhibition of enkephalin breakdown and subsequent inhibition of gabaergic spiny neurons of the substania nigra.