Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Clinical Microbiology logoLink to Journal of Clinical Microbiology
. 1993 Feb;31(2):283–288. doi: 10.1128/jcm.31.2.283-288.1993

Detection of plasma viremia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals at all clinical stages.

L Z Pan 1, A Werner 1, J A Levy 1
PMCID: PMC262750  PMID: 8094395

Abstract

Free virus (virus not present within cells) was detected in the plasma of all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals studied. Plasma samples from asymptomatic individuals and individuals with HIV disease were tested. The levels of virus varied, but high virus titers correlated directly with HIV-related symptoms and low CD4+ lymphocyte counts. Effective detection of infectious virus depended on the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for p24 core antigen and culture conditions in which plasma was added to mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes within 3 h of venipuncture. When there were delays in the time to culturing of plasma, neutralizing antibodies and perhaps other factors present in the plasma were found to reduce the efficiency of virus recovery. Plasma stored at -70 degrees C for several months maintained a stable level of free virus. These results suggest that measurement of HIV present in plasma under optimal conditions could be an efficient way of monitoring the clinical state of an individual and the effects of antiviral therapy.

Full text

PDF
283

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Akerström B., Brodin T., Reis K., Björck L. Protein G: a powerful tool for binding and detection of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. J Immunol. 1985 Oct;135(4):2589–2592. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Barré-Sinoussi F., Chermann J. C., Rey F., Nugeyre M. T., Chamaret S., Gruest J., Dauguet C., Axler-Blin C., Vézinet-Brun F., Rouzioux C. Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Science. 1983 May 20;220(4599):868–871. doi: 10.1126/science.6189183. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Castro B. A., Weiss C. D., Wiviott L. D., Levy J. A. Optimal conditions for recovery of the human immunodeficiency virus from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Clin Microbiol. 1988 Nov;26(11):2371–2376. doi: 10.1128/jcm.26.11.2371-2376.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cheng-Mayer C., Homsy J., Evans L. A., Levy J. A. Identification of human immunodeficiency virus subtypes with distinct patterns of sensitivity to serum neutralization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Apr;85(8):2815–2819. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.8.2815. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cheng-Mayer C., Seto D., Tateno M., Levy J. A. Biologic features of HIV-1 that correlate with virulence in the host. Science. 1988 Apr 1;240(4848):80–82. doi: 10.1126/science.2832945. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Coombs R. W., Collier A. C., Allain J. P., Nikora B., Leuther M., Gjerset G. F., Corey L. Plasma viremia in human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1989 Dec 14;321(24):1626–1631. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198912143212402. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Ehrnst A., Sönnerborg A., Bergdahl S., Strannegård O. Efficient isolation of HIV from plasma during different stages of HIV infection. J Med Virol. 1988 Sep;26(1):23–32. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890260105. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Escaich S., Ritter J., Rougier P., Lepot D., Lamelin J. P., Sepetjan M., Trepo C. Plasma viraemia as a marker of viral replication in HIV-infected individuals. AIDS. 1991 Oct;5(10):1189–1194. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199110000-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Falk L. A., Jr, Paul D., Landay A., Kessler H. HIV isolation from plasma of HIV-infected persons. N Engl J Med. 1987 Jun 11;316(24):1547–1548. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198706113162413. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Feorino P., Forrester B., Schable C., Warfield D., Schochetman G. Comparison of antigen assay and reverse transcriptase assay for detecting human immunodeficiency virus in culture. J Clin Microbiol. 1987 Dec;25(12):2344–2346. doi: 10.1128/jcm.25.12.2344-2346.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Fiscus S. A., Wallmark E. B., Folds J. D., Fryer J., van der Horst C. M. Detection of infectious immune complexes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections: correlation with plasma viremia and CD4 cell counts. J Infect Dis. 1991 Oct;164(4):765–769. doi: 10.1093/infdis/164.4.765. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gallo D., Kimpton J. S., Dailey P. J. Comparative studies on use of fresh and frozen peripheral blood lymphocyte specimens for isolation of human immunodeficiency virus and effects of cell lysis on isolation efficiency. J Clin Microbiol. 1987 Jul;25(7):1291–1294. doi: 10.1128/jcm.25.7.1291-1294.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Gallo R. C., Salahuddin S. Z., Popovic M., Shearer G. M., Kaplan M., Haynes B. F., Palker T. J., Redfield R., Oleske J., Safai B. Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS. Science. 1984 May 4;224(4648):500–503. doi: 10.1126/science.6200936. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Ho D. D., Moudgil T., Alam M. Quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the blood of infected persons. N Engl J Med. 1989 Dec 14;321(24):1621–1625. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198912143212401. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hoffman A. D., Banapour B., Levy J. A. Characterization of the AIDS-associated retrovirus reverse transcriptase and optimal conditions for its detection in virions. Virology. 1985 Dec;147(2):326–335. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(85)90135-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Jackson J. B., Coombs R. W., Sannerud K., Rhame F. S., Balfour H. H., Jr Rapid and sensitive viral culture method for human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Clin Microbiol. 1988 Jul;26(7):1416–1418. doi: 10.1128/jcm.26.7.1416-1418.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Levy J. A., Hoffman A. D., Kramer S. M., Landis J. A., Shimabukuro J. M., Oshiro L. S. Isolation of lymphocytopathic retroviruses from San Francisco patients with AIDS. Science. 1984 Aug 24;225(4664):840–842. doi: 10.1126/science.6206563. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Levy J. A., Shimabukuro J. Recovery of AIDS-associated retroviruses from patients with AIDS or AIDS-related conditions and from clinically healthy individuals. J Infect Dis. 1985 Oct;152(4):734–738. doi: 10.1093/infdis/152.4.734. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. McKeating J. A., Gow J., Goudsmit J., Pearl L. H., Mulder C., Weiss R. A. Characterization of HIV-1 neutralization escape mutants. AIDS. 1989 Dec;3(12):777–784. doi: 10.1097/00002030-198912000-00001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Michaelis B. A., Levy J. A. Recovery of human immunodeficiency virus from serum. JAMA. 1987 Mar 13;257(10):1327–1327. doi: 10.1001/jama.1987.03390100065011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Rouzioux C., Puel J., Agut H., Brun-Vézinet F., Ferchal F., Tamalet C., Descamps P., Fleury H. Comparative assessment of quantitative HIV viraemia assays. AIDS. 1992 Apr;6(4):373–377. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199204000-00003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Saag M. S., Crain M. J., Decker W. D., Campbell-Hill S., Robinson S., Brown W. E., Leuther M., Whitley R. J., Hahn B. H., Shaw G. M. High-level viremia in adults and children infected with human immunodeficiency virus: relation to disease stage and CD4+ lymphocyte levels. J Infect Dis. 1991 Jul;164(1):72–80. doi: 10.1093/infdis/164.1.72. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Tersmette M., de Goede R. E., Al B. J., Winkel I. N., Gruters R. A., Cuypers H. T., Huisman H. G., Miedema F. Differential syncytium-inducing capacity of human immunodeficiency virus isolates: frequent detection of syncytium-inducing isolates in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex. J Virol. 1988 Jun;62(6):2026–2032. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.6.2026-2032.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Venet A., Lu W., Beldjord K., Andrieu J. M. Correlation between CD4 cell counts and cellular and plasma viral load in HIV-1-seropositive individuals. AIDS. 1991 Mar;5(3):283–288. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199103000-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Zagury D., Fouchard M., Vol J. C., Cattan A., Leibowitch J., Feldman M., Sarin P. S., Gallo R. C. Detection of infectious HTLV-III/LAV virus in cell-free plasma from AIDS patients. Lancet. 1985 Aug 31;2(8453):505–506. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(85)90442-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES