Figure 1. Experimental design for ALPS (a) depicting three consecutive trials where subjects are presented with a face prime, followed by a letter-string to which they respond word or non-word.

In the individuation training condition (b) subjects learn to associate 8 individual African American faces with particular letters, whilst simultaneously categorizing Chinese faces by pressing “o”. At test (c) subjects recall the letter learned for each African American individual, but respond “o” for all Chinese faces.