Patient Demographics: |
Age in years |
Measured at baseline in years |
Gender |
Comparing women to men. |
Measures of health care use: |
Prescribing Physicians |
Number of distinct physicians prescribing medication in baseline year. |
Hospital Discharges |
Number of discharges in baseline year from acute care hospitals. |
Charlson Co-morbidity Index[59] |
Adapted by Deyo et al for administrative databases[60] provided baseline measure of disease severity and comorbid conditions. |
Diagnosis for impairments or disabilities associated with an increase risk for falls: |
Previous Injuries from Falls |
Any fracture or soft tissue injury including fracture of the hip, upper extremity fractures, lower extremity fractures requiring medical treatment in the baseline year. |
Visual Impairment |
ICD-9: 360–379 |
Arthritis |
ICD9: 274, 710 to 725–730, 733 |
Stroke |
ICD-9: 430–438 |
Depression |
ICD-9: 311, 298.0, 296.2, 296.3, 309.1, 300.0–300.4 |
Neurological Disorders |
Including dementia and Parkinson's disease: ICD-9: 290, 294, 331 to 337, 340–342, 344 |
Seizure Disorders |
Including epilepsy: ICD-9: 345, 780.3 |
Osteoporosis |
ICD-9: 733.0, 731.0 |
Misc. Impairments |
any other conditions not included in other categories that could increase the risk of falls or injuries (i.e. sprained knee) |
Alcohol Abuse |
and/or dependence: ICD-9: 303, 291, 305.0, 535.3, 571.0–571.3, 265.2,425.5 |
Drug Abuse |
and/or dependence: ICD-9: 304, 305.1–305.9, 292 |
Non-benzodiazepine medication protective of fractures: |
Thiazide Diuretics & Estrogen |
AHF: 40:28:00; 40:28:10; 68:12:00; 68:16:00 |
Non-benzodiazepine medication associated with an increase risk of falls: |
Anti-Depressants |
AHF: 28:16:04 |
Anti-Psychotics |
AHF: 28:16:08 |
Sedatives |
AHF: 28:24:92 |
Miscellaneous Psychotropics |
AHF: 28:28:00 (lithium, l-tryptophan) |
Non-benzodiazepine medications known to alter motor stability: |
Cardiac Drugs |
AHF: 24:04:00 |
Anti-Hypertensives |
AHF: 24:08:00 |
Vasodilators |
AHF: 24:12:00 |
Opioid Agonists |
AHF: 28:08:08 |
Mixed Partial Opioid Agonists/Antagonists |
AHF: 28:08:12 |