TABLE 1.
Characteristics of HAPO participants*
| Maternal characteristics | |
| Age (years) | 19,885 (29.2 ± 5.8) |
| Education (years) | 18,223 (12.9 ± 3.4) |
| Pre-pregnant BMI | 18,200 (23.8 ± 5.0) |
| BMI (kg/m2)† | 19,885 (27.5 ± 5.0) |
| MAP (mmHg)† | 19,885 (80.7 ± 8.2) |
| FPG (mmol/l)† | 19,885 (4.5 ± 0.4) |
| 1-h Plasma glucose (mmol/l)† | 19,885 (7.5 ± 1.7) |
| 2-h Plasma glucose (mmol/l)† | 19,885 (6.2 ± 1.3) |
| Gestational age (weeks)† | 19,885 (27.8 ± 1.8) |
| Ethnicity | |
| White, non-Hispanic | 9,189 (46.2) |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 2,279 (11.5) |
| Hispanic | 1,774 (8.9) |
| Asian | 6,181 (31.1) |
| Other | 462 (2.3) |
| Prenatal smoking (any) | 1,217 (6.1) |
| Prenatal alcohol use (any) | 1,272 (6.4) |
| Family history of diabetes | 4,411 (22.2) |
| Parity (prior delivery ≥20 weeks) | 10,408 (52.3) |
| Newborn characteristics | |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 19,885 (39.4 ± 1.6) |
| Birth weight (g) | 19,884 (3,308 ± 505) |
| Length (cm) | 19,496 (49.8 ± 2.4) |
| Head circumference (cm) | 19,723 (34.2 ± 1.5) |
| Flank skin fold (mm)‡ | 17,159 (3.9 ± 1.0) |
| Triceps skin fold (mm)‡ | 17,136 (4.1 ± 0.9) |
| Subscapular skin fold (mm)‡ | 17,115 (4.2 ± 1.0) |
| Sum of skin folds (mm)‡ | 17,100 (12.3 ± 2.6) |
| Body fat (%)‡ | 17,050 (11.3 ± 3.7) |
| Cord serum C-peptide (μg/l) | 19,885 (1.0 ± 0.6) |
| Male | 10,235 (51.5) |
Data are n (mean ± SD) or n (%).
*
Participants with a cord serum C-peptide measurement.
†
Measured at the OGTT.
‡
Babies with gestational age 36–44 weeks at birth.