TABLE 2.
Relationship between maternal glucose and sum of skin folds >90th percentile*
| n | >90th percentile† | Model I | Model II | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FPG (mmol/l) | ||||
| <4.2 | 3,340 | 177 (5.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 4.2–4.4 | 6,270 | 480 (7.7) | 1.48 (1.24–1.77) | 1.39 (1.16–1.66) |
| 4.5–4.7 | 5,186 | 504 (9.7) | 1.92 (1.61–2.30) | 1.66 (1.38–1.99) |
| 4.8–4.9 | 2,287 | 278 (12.2) | 2.47 (2.03–3.01) | 2.00 (1.64–2.45) |
| 5.0–5.2 | 1,556 | 259 (16.6) | 3.57 (2.92–4.37) | 2.72 (2.20–3.36) |
| 5.3–5.5 | 576 | 119 (20.7) | 4.65 (3.62–5.99) | 3.37 (2.59–4.38) |
| ≥5.6 | 174 | 46 (26.4) | 6.42 (4.44–9.29) | 4.71 (3.22–6.89) |
| Continuous‡ | 19,389 | 1,863 (9.6) | 1.52 (1.45–1.59) | 1.39 (1.33–1.47) |
| 1-h Plasma glucose (mmol/l) | ||||
| ≤5.8 | 3,482 | 212 (6.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 5.9–7.3 | 6,258 | 483 (7.7) | 1.29 (1.09–1.52) | 1.22 (1.03–1.45) |
| 7.4–8.6 | 5,007 | 468 (9.3) | 1.59 (1.34–1.88) | 1.50 (1.26–1.78) |
| 8.7–9.5 | 2,324 | 310 (13.3) | 2.37 (1.98–2.85) | 2.22 (1.84–2.69) |
| 9.6–10.7 | 1,570 | 245 (15.6) | 2.85 (2.35–3.46) | 2.63 (2.14–3.22) |
| 10.8–11.7 | 536 | 103 (19.2) | 3.67 (2.84–4.74) | 3.38 (2.59–4.41) |
| ≥11.8 | 212 | 42 (19.8) | 3.81 (2.64–5.49) | 3.57 (2.46–5.20) |
| Continuous‡ | 19,389 | 1,863 (9.6) | 1.44 (1.37–1.51) | 1.42 (1.35–1.49) |
| 2-h Plasma glucose (mmol/l) | ||||
| ≤5.0 | 3,537 | 209 (5.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 5.1–6.0 | 6,135 | 496 (8.1) | 1.40 (1.18–1.66) | 1.32 (1.11–1.56) |
| 6.1–6.9 | 4,948 | 481 (9.7) | 1.71 (1.45–2.03) | 1.60 (1.35–1.90) |
| 7.0–7.7 | 2,556 | 352 (13.8) | 2.54 (2.13–3.04) | 2.38 (1.98–2.86) |
| 7.8–8.7 | 1,444 | 198 (13.7) | 2.53 (2.06–3.11) | 2.39 (1.93–2.95) |
| 8.8–9.8 | 576 | 90 (15.6) | 2.95 (2.26–3.84) | 2.80 (2.13–3.69) |
| ≥9.9 | 193 | 37 (19.2) | 3.78 (2.57–5.55) | 3.59 (2.42–5.33) |
| Continuous‡ | 19,389 | 1,863 (9.6) | 1.37 (1.31–1.44) | 1.36 (1.30–1.43) |
Data are n (%) or OR (95% CI). n = total number in the glucose category (excluding births with gestational age <30 weeks and fetal deaths). Model I, adjusted for the variables used in estimating 90th percentiles; model II, adjusted for age, BMI, BMI2, height, mean arterial blood pressure, gestational age at the OGTT, smoking, alcohol use, hospitalization prior to delivery, and any family history of diabetes.
Defined based on sex, ethnicity, field center, gestational age (36–44 weeks), and parity.
Number in the glucose category with the sum of skin folds >90th percentile (% proportion in the glucose category with sum of skin folds >90th percentile).
Glucose higher by 1 SD (0.4 mmol/l for FPG, 1.7 mmol/l for 1-h plasma glucose, 1.3 mmol/l for 2-h plasma glucose).