TABLE 5.
Relationship between cord serum C-peptide and neonatal anthropometrics
| Cord serum C-peptide (μg/l) | n | No. with outcome | Model I | Model II |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth weight >90th percentile* | ||||
| ≤0.5 | 2,911 | 131 (4.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 0.6–0.8 | 6,530 | 392 (6.0) | 1.36 (1.11–1.66) | 1.26 (1.03–1.55) |
| 0.9–1.2 | 5,899 | 614 (10.4) | 2.47 (2.03–2.99) | 2.21 (1.82–2.70) |
| 1.3–1.5 | 2,077 | 283 (13.6) | 3.35 (2.70–4.15) | 2.89 (2.32–3.60) |
| 1.6–2.1 | 1,639 | 333 (20.3) | 5.41 (4.37–6.69) | 4.68 (3.77–5.82) |
| 2.2–3.0 | 571 | 140 (24.5) | 6.89 (5.32–8.93) | 5.62 (4.31–7.33) |
| ≥3.1 | 242 | 62 (25.6) | 7.31 (5.21–10.25) | 6.72 (4.75–9.51) |
| Total | 19,869 | 1,955 (9.8) | ||
| Sum of skin folds >90th percentile* | ||||
| ≤0.5 | 2,412 | 117 (4.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 0.6–0.8 | 5,647 | 369 (6.5) | 1.37 (1.11–1.70) | 1.27 (1.03–1.58) |
| 0.9–1.2 | 5,145 | 513 (10.0) | 2.17 (1.77–2.67) | 1.92 (1.56–2.37) |
| 1.3–1.5 | 1,821 | 267 (14.7) | 3.37 (2.69–4.23) | 2.84 (2.26–3.57) |
| 1.6–2.1 | 1,409 | 265 (18.8) | 4.54 (3.61–5.71) | 3.74 (2.97–4.72) |
| 2.2–3.0 | 485 | 101 (20.8) | 5.16 (3.87–6.88) | 4.00 (2.99–5.36) |
| ≥3.1 | 181 | 46 (25.4) | 6.68 (4.56–9.80) | 5.57 (3.78–8.21) |
| Total | 17,100 | 1,678 (9.8) | ||
| Percent body fat >90th percentile* | ||||
| ≤0.5 | 2,399 | 119 (5.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 0.6–0.8 | 5,630 | 370 (6.6) | 1.35 (1.09–1.67) | 1.24 (1.00–1.54) |
| 0.9–1.2 | 5,140 | 513 (10.0) | 2.12 (1.73–2.61) | 1.87 (1.52–2.31) |
| 1.3–1.5 | 1,817 | 276 (15.2) | 3.43 (2.74–4.30) | 2.88 (2.30–3.62) |
| 1.6–2.1 | 1,403 | 269 (19.2) | 4.54 (3.62–5.70) | 3.77 (2.99–4.75) |
| 2.2–3.0 | 485 | 121 (25.2) | 6.46 (4.90–8.51) | 5.02 (3.79–6.66) |
| ≥3.1 | 181 | 43 (23.8) | 5.97 (4.05–8.81) | 5.06 (3.41–7.52) |
| Total | 17,050 | 1,726 (10.0) |
Data are n (%) or OR (95% CI). n = total number in the cord C-peptide category (excluding births with gestational age <30 weeks and fetal deaths); No. with outcome = number in the cord C-peptide category with the outcome (% proportion in the cord C-peptide category with the outcome). Model I, adjusted for the variables used in estimating 90th percentiles; model II, adjusted for age, BMI, BMI2, height, mean arterial blood pressure, gestational age at the OGTT, smoking, alcohol use, hospitalization prior to delivery, and any family history of diabetes.
*
Defined based on sex, ethnicity, field center, gestational age (36–44 weeks for skin folds and body fat), and parity.