TABLE 6.
Relationship between cord serum C-peptide and individual skin folds
| Cord serum C-peptide (μg/l) | n | No. with outcome | Model I | Model II |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flank skin fold >90th percentile* | ||||
| ≤0.5 | 2,421 | 135 (5.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 0.6–0.8 | 5,664 | 374 (6.6) | 1.20 (0.98–1.47) | 1.12 (0.91–1.37) |
| 0.9–1.2 | 5,167 | 496 (9.6) | 1.80 (1.48–2.19) | 1.61 (1.32–1.96) |
| 1.3–1.5 | 1,826 | 267 (14.6) | 2.90 (2.33–3.60) | 2.48 (1.99–3.09) |
| 1.6–2.1 | 1,413 | 227 (16.1) | 3.24 (2.59–4.06) | 2.70 (2.15–3.39) |
| 2.2–3.0 | 487 | 98 (20.1) | 4.27 (3.22–5.65) | 3.39 (2.55–4.51) |
| ≥3.1 | 181 | 33 (18.2) | 3.78 (2.49–5.72) | 3.17 (2.08–4.82) |
| Total | 17,159 | 1,630 (9.5) | ||
| Triceps skin fold >90th percentile* | ||||
| ≤0.5 | 2,422 | 123 (5.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 0.6–0.8 | 5,655 | 405 (7.2) | 1.44 (1.17–1.77) | 1.35 (1.10–1.66) |
| 0.9–1.2 | 5,157 | 537 (10.4) | 2.17 (1.77–2.66) | 1.94 (1.58–2.38) |
| 1.3–1.5 | 1,825 | 269 (14.7) | 3.23 (2.59–4.04) | 2.77 (2.21–3.47) |
| 1.6–2.1 | 1,411 | 237 (16.8) | 3.77 (3.00–4.74) | 3.17 (2.51–3.99) |
| 2.2–3.0 | 485 | 96 (19.8) | 4.61 (3.46–6.15) | 3.68 (2.75–4.93) |
| ≥3.1 | 181 | 44 (24.3) | 6.00 (4.08–8.82) | 5.12 (3.47–7.56) |
| Total | 17,136 | 1,711 (10.0) | ||
| Subscapular skin fold >90th percentile* | ||||
| ≤0.5 | 2,415 | 109 (4.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 0.6–0.8 | 5,648 | 366 (6.5) | 1.47 (1.18–1.83) | 1.35 (1.09–1.69) |
| 0.9–1.2 | 5,151 | 498 (9.7) | 2.26 (1.83–2.80) | 1.99 (1.60–2.47) |
| 1.3–1.5 | 1,823 | 269 (14.8) | 3.66 (2.90–4.62) | 3.05 (2.41–3.86) |
| 1.6–2.1 | 1,412 | 245 (17.4) | 4.44 (3.51–5.63) | 3.60 (2.83–4.58) |
| 2.2–3.0 | 485 | 101 (20.8) | 5.56 (4.16–7.45) | 4.23 (3.14–5.69) |
| ≥3.1 | 181 | 44 (24.3) | 6.79 (4.60–10.03) | 5.54 (3.73–8.23) |
| Total | 17,115 | 1,632 (9.5) |
Data are n (%) or OR (95% CI). n = total number in the cord C-peptide category (excluding births with gestational age <30 weeks and fetal deaths), No. with outcome = number in the cord C-peptide category with the outcome (% proportion in the cord C-peptide category with the outcome). Model I, adjusted for the variables used in estimating 90th percentiles; model II, adjusted for age, BMI, BMI2, height, mean arterial blood pressure, gestational age at the OGTT, smoking, alcohol use, hospitalization prior to delivery, and any family history of diabetes.
*
Defined based on sex, ethnicity, field center, gestational age (36–44 weeks), and parity.