Table 3.
Study outcomes and service use at 12 months after intervention by randomization group
| Usual-care group | Intervention group | Mean group difference | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 35* | 39* | ||
| Mean GHb (%) | ||||
| Baseline | 7.9 | 8.2 | 0.3 | 0.12 |
| Follow-up | 8.1 | 7.3 | −0.8 | 0.01 |
| Change | 0.2 | −0.9 | −1.1 | <0.01 |
| Adjusted analysis† | — | — | −0.7 | 0.01 |
| GHb <7% (%) | ||||
| Baseline | 0 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Follow-up | 11 | 33 | 22 | 0.03 |
| Change | 11 | 33 | 22 | 0.03 |
| Any contacts (%) | ||||
| E-mail with case manager | 0.0 | 69 | NA | |
| Blood glucose level uploads | 0.0 | 43 | NA | |
| Review of electronic medical record | 0.0 | 76 | NA | |
| Outpatient visits | ||||
| Pre | 10.3 ± 7.7 | 9.6 ± (9.6) | −0.7 | 0.71 |
| Post | 8.2 ± (9.1) | 10.2 ± (10.1) | 2 | 0.36 |
| Change | −2.1 ± (7.0) | 0.6 ± (10.7) | 2.7 | 0.18 |
| Primary care provider visits | ||||
| Pre | 3.3 ± 2.2 | 4.3 ± 3.8 | 1 | 0.15 |
| Post | 3.1 ± 3.0 | 4.3 ± 4.5 | 1.2 | 0.16 |
| Change | −0.2 ± 2.8 | 0.0 ± 2.9 | 0.2 | 0.76 |
| Specialty physician visits | ||||
| Pre | 7.0 ± 7.9 | 5.3 ± 7.1 | −1.7 | 0.30 |
| Post | 5.1 ± 8.7 | 5.9 ± 7.4 | 0.8 | 0.66 |
| Change | −1.9 ± 5.9 | 0.6 ± 9.0 | 2.5 | 0.14 |
| Inpatient days | ||||
| Pre | 0.7 ± 1.8 | 0.3 ± 1.5 | −0.4 | 0.31 |
| Post | 0.4 ± 1.2 | 0.5 ± 2.0 | 0.1 | 0.77 |
| Change | −0.3 ± 1.8 | 0.2 ± 2.6 | 0.5 | 0.32 |
Data are mean, mean ± SD, or % unless otherwise indicated.
*
Six subjects in the usual-care group and three subjects in the intervention group did not have follow-up GHb measures at 12 months.
†
Analysis adjusted for age, sex, and baseline GHb.