Table 2.
RRs of IFG and type 2 diabetes by cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity: ACLS, 1974–2006
| No. of cases | Person-years | Rate* | Adjusted RR (95% CI) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1† | Model 2‡ | ||||
| IFG | |||||
| Fitness level | |||||
| 1 (low) | 410 | 3,801 | 109.2 | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| 2 | 688 | 6,535 | 107.9 | 1.03 (0.91–1.17) | 1.09 (0.96–1.24) |
| 3 | 748 | 7,628 | 95.6 | 0.92 (0.81–1.04) | 1.00 (0.88–1.13) |
| 4 | 912 | 10,225 | 89.2 | 0.88 (0.78–0.99) | 0.98 (0.86–1.11) |
| 5 (high) | 854 | 11,419 | 74.5 | 0.75 (0.66–0.85) | 0.86 (0.75–0.98) |
| Ptrend | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| BMI | |||||
| 18.5–25.0 kg/m2 | 1,633 | 21,058 | 79.2 | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 | 1,673 | 15,997 | 101.8 | 1.23 (1.15–1.32) | 1.18 (1.10–1.27) |
| ≥30.0 kg/m2 | 306 | 2,555 | 123.1 | 1.41 (1.24–1.60) | 1.28 (1.12–1.46) |
| Ptrend | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Waist girth§ | |||||
| ≤102 cm | 2,175 | 25,072 | 87.2 | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| >102 cm | 388 | 2,878 | 130.6 | 1.39 (1.24–1.55) | 1.27 (1.13–1.43) |
| % body fat | |||||
| <25% | 2,850 | 33,007 | 88.2 | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| ≥25% | 762 | 6,603 | 106.0 | 1.14 (1.05–1.23) | 1.04 (0.95–1.13) |
| Type 2 diabetes | |||||
| Fitness level | |||||
| 1 (low) | 94 | 10,640 | 12.4 | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| 2 | 102 | 17,802 | 5.6 | 0.65 (0.49–0.86) | 0.80 (0.60–1.08) |
| 3 | 102 | 20,331 | 4.5 | 0.53 (0.40–0.71) | 0.71 (0.52–0.96) |
| 4 | 101 | 25,460 | 3.5 | 0.43 (0.32–0.58) | 0.62 (0.45–0.85) |
| 5 (high) | 78 | 27,162 | 2.4 | 0.30 (0.22–0.41) | 0.48 (0.34–0.68) |
| Ptrend | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| BMI | |||||
| 18.5–25.0 kg/m2 | 146 | 49,226 | 2.9 | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 | 231 | 44,491 | 5.1 | 1.59 (1.29–1.97) | 1.36 (1.09–1.69) |
| ≥30.0 kg/m2 | 100 | 7,677 | 14.0 | 3.85 (2.93–5.06) | 2.66 (1.96–3.60) |
| Ptrend | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Waist girth‖ | |||||
| ≤102 cm | 218 | 57,692 | 3.8 | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| >102 cm | 102 | 8,835 | 11.6 | 2.66 (2.08–3.41) | 1.91 (1.46–2.50) |
| % body fat | |||||
| <25% | 316 | 82,071 | 4.0 | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| ≥25% | 161 | 19,328 | 7.9 | 1.79 (1.47–2.18) | 1.27 (1.02–1.58) |
*
Per 1,000 person-years adjusted for age and examination year.
†
Adjusted for age, examination year, parental diabetes, current smoking, alcohol consumption, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and IFG (for type 2 diabetes).
‡
Adjusted for model 1 plus BMI (for fitness) or treadmill time (for BMI, waist girth, and percent body fat).
§
Data from 5,836 men (2,563 IFG events).
‖
Data from 10,326 men (320 type 2 diabetes events).