Table 2.
Clinical characteristics and fasting metabolic profile in subjects with or without retinopathy in association with presence of PSN, defined as pathological monofilament or VPT ≥25 V
| No retinopathy |
Retinopathy |
P* | P†s | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSN− | PSN+ | P | PSN− | PSN+ | P | |||
| n | 58 | 27 | 19 | 16 | ||||
| % male | 48 | 81 | 0.004 | 58 | 69 | NS | NS | NS |
| Age (years) | 59.1 ± 7.6 | 65.3 ± 5.3 | 0.0001 | 60.5 ± 8.1 | 63.8 ± 5.6 | NS | 0.03 | NS |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 5.3 ± 4.3 | 7.1 ± 5.9 | NS | 8.8 ± 6.1 | 10.8 ± 7.1 | NS | 0.001 | 0.07 |
| BMI (kg/m2)) | 30.3 ± 4.9 | 27.9 ± 4.1 | 0.03 | 29.5 ± 4.7 | 29.8 ± 5.0 | NS | NS | NS |
| Waist index | 1.16 ± 0.14 | 1.11 ± 0.12 | 0.1 | 1.13 ± 0.16 | 1.15 ± 0.14 | NS | NS | NS |
| hsCRP (mg/l) | 2.60 ± 2.45 | 3.38 ± 4.02 | NS | 3.08 ± 2.46 | 2.55 ± 2.08 | NS | NS | NS |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 145 ± 18 | 150 ± 17 | NS | 149 ± 21 | 154 ± 20 | NS | NS | NS |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 84 ± 9 | 83 ± 10 | NS | 79 ± 8 | 87 ± 13 | 0.07 | NS | NS |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 8.8 ± 2.8 | 8.9 ± 3.8 | NS | 8.5 ± 2.4 | 10.2 ± 2.4 | <0.05 | 0.05 | 0.1 |
| A1C (%) | 6.3 ± 1.3 | 6.2 ± 1.2 | NS | 6.7 ± 1.3 | 6.9 ± 1.0 | NS | 0.06 | 0.07 |
| IGF-1 (μg/l) | 130 ± 64 | 116 ± 55 | NS | 133 ± 59 | 138 ± 63 | NS | NS | NS |
| IGF-1 SD | −0.92 ± 1.71 | −1.03 ± 2.13 | NS | −0.58 ± 1.62 | −0.35 ± 1.62 | NS | NS | NS |
| IGFBP-1 (μg/l) | 18 ± 15 | 34 ± 34 | 0.04 | 19 ± 18 | 29 ± 18 | 0.02 | 0.004 | NS |
| IGFBP-3 (μg/l) | 3,670 ± 1,039 | 3,190 ± 861 | 0.04 | 3,724 ± 1,253 | 3,314 ± 1,518 | NS | NS | NS |
| IGF-1–to–IGFBP-1 ratio | 12.5 ± 11.2 | 13.0 ± 20.8 | 0.04 | 13.2 ± 12.3 | 6.4 ± 5.3 | 0.03 | <0.05 | NS |
| Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.04 ± 1.01 | 5.13 ± 1.40 | NS | 4.93 ± 1.26 | 4.80 ± 0.86 | NS | NS | NS |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.23 ± 0.35 | 1.15 ± 0.36 | NS | 1.23 ± 0.35 | 1.16 ± 0.44 | NS | NS | NS |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.85 ± 1.18 | 2.05 ± 1.92 | NS | 1.57 ± 0.68 | 1.87 ± 1.33 | NS | NS | NS |
| Cystatin C (mg/l) | 0.68 ± 0.23 | 0.88 ± 0.42 | 0.07 | 0.80 ± 0.24 | 0.87 ± 0.31 | NS | <0.05 | NS |
| Creatinine (μmol/l) | 74 ± 15 | 86 ± 22 | 0.004 | 73 ± 16 | 77 ± 23 | NS | NS | 0.1 |
| UAlb (mg/l) | 11 ± 11 | 36 ± 67 | 0.06 | 102 ± 251 | 463 ± 789 | NS | 0.004 | 0.1 |
| VPT (V) | 16.1 ± 5.1 | 30.2 ± 7.8 | — | 17.8 ± 3.3 | 35.0 ± 7.8 | — | — | 0.05 |
Data are means ± SD unless otherwise indicated. P refers to one-way ANOVA. IGF-1 SD is the score as calculated from healthy subjects.
*
No retinopathy/PSN− vs. retinopathy/PSN+.
†
No retinopathy/PSN+ vs. retinopathy/PSN+.