Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of case patients and control subjects
| Women |
Men |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case patients | Control subjects | P | Case patients | Control subjects | P | |
| n | 358 | 358 | 170 | 170 | ||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 60.4 ± 6.0 | 60.3 ± 6.1 | (Matched) | 63.6 ± 7.5 | 63.4 ± 7.5 | (Matched) |
| Race (% Caucasian) | 92.3 | 92.9 | (Matched) | 86.9 | 85.0 | (Matched) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.0 ± 6.1 | 26.0 ± 5.0 | <0.001 | 28.7 ± 3.9 | 25.6 ± 3.5 | <0.001 |
| Lifestyle factors | ||||||
| Alcohol consumption (≥1 drink/day) | 5.2 | 11.2 | 0.001 | 28.8 | 26.1 | 0.72 |
| Current smoking (%) | 14.7 | 13.5 | 0.74 | 5.9 | 1.3 | 0.01 |
| Strenuous physical activity (% ≥4 times/week) | 9.2 | 10.9 | 0.26 | 9.2 | 11.8 | 0.38 |
| Current multivitamin use (%) | 23.3 | 25.3 | 0.52 | 28.1 | 25.5 | 0.90 |
| Medical history | ||||||
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 48.3 | 24.1 | <0.001 | 36.6 | 19.0 | 0.01 |
| Biological markers* | ||||||
| Resistin (ng/ml) | 13.0 ± 1.9 | 10.8 ± 1.7 | <0.001 | 10.9 ± 2.0 | 9.6 ± 1.8 | 0.07 |
| TNF-IIR (pg/ml) | 2,811 ± 1.3 | 2,671 ± 1.3 | 0.009 | 2,300 ± 1.3 | 2,229 ± 1.2 | 0.19 |
| A1C (%) | 5.7 ± 1.2 | 5.1 ± 1.1 | <0.001 | 6.1 ± 1.2 | 5.2 ± 1.1 | <0.001 |
Data are means ± SD unless indicated otherwise. Paired t test was used to calculate P values of continuous variables between case patients and control subjects; for categorical variables, McNemar's test was used to test for differences between case patients and control subjects.
*
Geometric means are displayed.