Table 2.

Significance of positive ANA test in CTD and some non-autoimmune conditions [36]

Useful for diagnosis	Useful for monitoring or prognosis
1) Lupus erythmatosus (LE)	1) Juvenile chronic oligoarticular arthritis
SLE	2) Raynaud phenomenon
Discoid LE	Not useful for diagnosis
Subacute cutaneous LE
Neonatal LE	1) Relatives of patients with CTD
Overlap of two or more LE subsets	2) Other autoimmune diseases (e.g., Rheumatoid arthritis, Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura, primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune thyroiditis)
Overlap of LE with other CTD	3) Drugs (e.g., procainamide, hydralazine)
2) SS	4) Silicone breast implant patients
Cutaneous SS (morphea)	5) Fibromyalgia
Systemic SS	6) Chronic infections
a) Limited disease	7) Neoplasms
b) Diffuse disease	8) Elderly persons
3) PM/Dermatomyositis	9) Pregnant women
4) Sjögren's syndrome (primary and secondary)	10) Healthy persons
5) Mixed CTD
6) Overlap and undifferentiated CTD