Table 1.
Results of antibacterial and antifungal activity of eight different aqueous plant extracts challenged with 34 pathogenic bacterial and fungal isolates
| Diameter of zone of inhibition (mm) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Organism/concentration (mg/ml) | Garlic (Allium sativum)* | Onion (Allium cepa)* | Yarrow leaf (Achillea millefolium) [100mg/ml] | Meadow sweet leaf (Filipendula ulmaria) [150mg/ml] | Confrey leaf (Symphytum officinale) [50mg/ml] | Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) [150mg/ml] | Dandelion leaf (Taraxacum officinale) [130mg/ml] | Dandelion root (Taraxacum officinale) [200mg/ml] | Ciprofloxacin [5µg disk] |
| Bacteria | |||||||||
| Bacillus cereus NCTC 7464 | 24 | ||||||||
| Bacillus subtilis NCTC 10400 (NCIMB 8054) | 19 | 33 | |||||||
| Bacillus pumilus (wildtype hand isolate) | 15 | 26 | |||||||
| Bacillus pumilus (wildtype hand isolate) | 15 | 26 | |||||||
| Cupriavidus sp. | 27 | ||||||||
| E. coli NCTC 25922 | 16 | 29 | |||||||
| E. coli NCTC 9001 | 27 | ||||||||
| E.coli 0157 NCTC 12900 | 15 | 27 | |||||||
| E.coli DH5 | 11 | ||||||||
| Enterobacter/Klebsiella sp. | 34 | ||||||||
| Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 775 | 15 | ||||||||
| Klebsiella aerogenes NCTC 9528 | 24 | ||||||||
| Klebsiella pneumoniae 700603 | 23 | ||||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes NCTC 11994 | 28 | ||||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 1662 | 25 | ||||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 27853 | 6 | 28 | |||||||
| Pseudomonas sp | 20 | ||||||||
| Pseudomonas sp 20 | 18 | ||||||||
| Salmonella poona NCTC 4840 | 26 | ||||||||
| Serratia marcescens | 26 | ||||||||
| Serratia/Rahnella sp. | 40 | ||||||||
| Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 43300 | 25 | 19 | |||||||
| Staphylococcus aureus. NCTC 6571 | 30 | 27 | |||||||
| Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) 25923 | 25 | 25 | |||||||
| Staphylococcus epidermidis NCTC 14990 | 25 | 28 | |||||||
| Fungi | |||||||||
| Aspergillus flavus QC 6658 | |||||||||
| Aspergillus fumigatus 27.5 | |||||||||
| Aspergillus niger 27.5 | |||||||||
| Candida albicans | |||||||||
| Candida glabrata ATCC 2001 | |||||||||
| Candida krusei ATCC 6258 27.5 | |||||||||
| Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 | 30 | ||||||||
| Exophiala (Wangiella) dermatitidis QC 7895 | |||||||||
| Penicillium sp. QC 743275 | |||||||||
| Scedosporium apiospermum QC 7870 | |||||||||
Blank = no inhibition; *, fresh undiluted extracts; NCTC = National Collection of Type Cultures; NCIMB = National Collection of Industrial Food and Marine Bacteria; MRSA=methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MSSA=methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus; QC=quality control isolate; ATCC=American Type Culture Collection.