Kinetics of dipeptide synthesis with aminoacyl- and N-alkylaminoacyl-tRNASPhe. Kinetics of dipeptide synthesis (▴) from fMet-tRNAifMet and from Phe-tRNAPhe (A), Phe-tRNAPheB (B), Ala-tRNAPheB (C), N-methyl-Phe-tRNAPheB (D), N-butyl-Phe-tRNAPheB (E), and Pro-tRNAPheB (F) are shown. Kinetics of the prerequisite, faster GTP hydrolysis (▵) by EF-Tu in the same reactions are shown. The ribosome had the Phe codon UUC at the A site. All kinetics were measured at 37 °C in high-accuracy polyamine containing LS3 buffer (see Materials and Methods). Representative plots are shown for each assay.