Table 4.
Estimated HIV prevalence rates (and imputed values) among injection drug users in 96 large metropolitan statistical areas in the USA, 1992–2002
| MSA Name | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akron, OHa | 3.7 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.4 |
| Albany–Schenectady, NYa | 19.0 | 17.5 | 16.2 | 15.0 | 13.9 | 12.5 | 11.3 | 10.3 | 9.4 | 8.7 | 8.1 |
| Albuquerque, NMa | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.1 |
| Allentown–Bethlehem, PA | 7.0 | 6.1 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 4.0 |
| Ann Arbor, MIa | 10.2 | 9.2 | 8.2 | 7.3 | 6.3 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 5.4 |
| Atlanta, GA | 21.8 | 22.2 | 22.4 | 22.5 | 21.8 | 20.2 | 18.5 | 17.2 | 16.2 | 15.4 | 14.9 |
| Austin–San Marcos, TX | 7.9 | 7.2 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 4.8 |
| Bakersfield, CAa | 4.2 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 3.1 |
| Baltimore, MD | 18.2 | 18.4 | 18.8 | 19.6 | 19.2 | 16.8 | 15.0 | 14.2 | 13.4 | 12.6 | 11.7 |
| Bergen–Passaic, NJ | 26.5 | 27.0 | 26.8 | 26.1 | 24.1 | 21.4 | 19.4 | 17.6 | 15.7 | 14.1 | 12.7 |
| Birmingham, AL | 15.7 | 12.1 | 9.7 | 8.6 | 8.8 | 8.5 | 7.6 | 6.6 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 6.0 |
| Boston–Brockton–Nashua, MA–NH | 16.6 | 14.0 | 11.9 | 10.3 | 8.7 | 7.3 | 6.5 | 5.6 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 4.5 |
| Buffalo–Niagara Falls, NY | 9.8 | 8.8 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 7.0 | 6.3 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 6.8 |
| Charleston, SCa | 16.6 | 17.3 | 17.5 | 17.1 | 16.1 | 14.4 | 12.6 | 11.4 | 10.6 | 10.3 | 10.5 |
| Charlotte–Rock Hill, NC–SC | 11.0 | 10.9 | 10.7 | 10.4 | 9.8 | 8.8 | 7.7 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 5.9 |
| Chicago, IL | 14.3 | 14.6 | 14.9 | 15.3 | 15.6 | 14.3 | 12.3 | 10.6 | 9.5 | 8.8 | 8.4 |
| Cincinnati, OH–KY–INa | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.7 |
| Cleveland–Lorain–Elyria, OH | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 5.1 | 4.1 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 4.2 |
| Columbus, OH | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 2.8 |
| Dallas, TX | 7.7 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 4.4 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.4 |
| Dayton–Springfield, OHa | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
| Denver, CO | 6.8 | 6.3 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 3.1 |
| Detroit, MI | 16.3 | 13.3 | 10.9 | 9.2 | 7.6 | 6.4 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 6.4 |
| El Paso, TX | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 3.5 |
| Fort Lauderdale, FL | 22.0 | 20.2 | 19.7 | 20.3 | 23.0 | 23.9 | 22.3 | 18.4 | 16.3 | 15.8 | 16.7 |
| Fort Worth–Arlington, TX | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 4.4 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.4 |
| Fresno, CAa | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Gary, INa | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
| Grand Rapids–Muskegon–Holland, MI | 6.0 | 6.5 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 6.5 | 5.3 | 4.3 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.9 |
| Greensboro–Winston, NC | 7.4 | 6.3 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 5.0 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.3 |
| Greenville–Spartanburg, SCa | 10.7 | 11.2 | 11.3 | 10.9 | 10.1 | 9.2 | 8.4 | 7.8 | 7.3 | 7.0 | 6.9 |
| Harrisburg–Lebanon–Carlisle, PAa | 9.1 | 9.4 | 9.1 | 8.0 | 6.9 | 6.6 | 6.2 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 5.0 |
| Hartford, CT | 19.1 | 19.2 | 18.7 | 17.6 | 16.0 | 14.2 | 12.3 | 10.7 | 9.7 | 9.0 | 8.9 |
| Honolulu, HI | 4.0 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 3.0 |
| Houston, TX | 9.8 | 9.4 | 9.0 | 8.6 | 8.3 | 7.6 | 7.0 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.4 |
| Indianapolis, INa | 4.6 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 4.4 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.9 |
| Jacksonville, FL | 19.5 | 17.8 | 16.4 | 15.2 | 14.3 | 13.3 | 12.4 | 11.3 | 10.3 | 9.7 | 9.6 |
| Jersey City, NJ | 31.2 | 30.7 | 29.8 | 28.6 | 27.7 | 27.1 | 26.2 | 24.7 | 21.5 | 17.7 | 13.2 |
| Kansas City, KSa | 12.3 | 10.8 | 9.7 | 9.0 | 8.7 | 8.0 | 7.2 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.9 |
| Knoxville, TNa | 3.4 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 2.6 |
| Las Vegas, NV–AZ | 9.3 | 8.2 | 7.2 | 6.3 | 5.6 | 4.9 | 4.2 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 4.3 |
| Little Rock, ARa | 5.2 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.3 |
| Los Angeles–Long Beach, CA | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.8 |
| Louisville, KY–INa | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.4 |
| Memphis, TN–AR–MS | 10.3 | 10.0 | 9.7 | 9.4 | 8.9 | 7.9 | 7.0 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 7.1 | 8.5 |
| Miami, FL | 28.8 | 29.5 | 30.0 | 29.9 | 30.4 | 29.5 | 26.0 | 21.2 | 18.9 | 19.5 | 22.8 |
| Middlesex–Somerset–Hunterdon, NJ | 19.9 | 21.4 | 21.9 | 21.4 | 19.5 | 16.4 | 13.1 | 10.6 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 7.6 |
| Milwaukee–Waukesha, WIa | 5.4 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.3 |
| Minneapolis, MIa | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 4.6 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.3 |
| Monmouth–Ocean, NJ | 19.8 | 21.6 | 22.4 | 22.0 | 20.2 | 17.2 | 13.9 | 11.5 | 9.7 | 8.1 | 6.9 |
| New Haven–Bridgeport, CT | 20.8 | 19.8 | 18.7 | 17.5 | 16.1 | 14.7 | 13.2 | 11.8 | 10.7 | 9.9 | 9.4 |
| Nashville, TNa | 9.6 | 8.6 | 7.9 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.1 | 6.5 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.9 |
| Nassau–Suffolk, NYa | 24.3 | 23.6 | 22.7 | 21.7 | 19.9 | 17.7 | 15.7 | 14.3 | 13.3 | 12.7 | 12.3 |
| New Orleans, LA | 10.2 | 9.0 | 8.2 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 7.9 | 7.4 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 7.0 |
| New York, NY | 43.5 | 40.2 | 37.7 | 36.0 | 34.2 | 31.5 | 29.0 | 25.9 | 23.3 | 21.8 | 21.2 |
| Newark, NJ | 39.9 | 38.7 | 37.5 | 36.1 | 34.6 | 33.0 | 30.6 | 27.6 | 24.3 | 21.1 | 18.1 |
| Norfolk, VAa | 7.6 | 7.9 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.0 | 7.4 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.4 |
| Oakland, CA | 8.3 | 8.4 | 8.0 | 7.3 | 6.2 | 5.6 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.2 |
| Oklahoma City, OKa | 7.9 | 7.0 | 6.2 | 5.6 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 5.5 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 5.0 | 3.3 |
| Omaha, NE–IAa | 5.5 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 3.7 |
| Orange County, CA | 4.2 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.4 |
| Orlando, FL | 15.6 | 15.7 | 15.4 | 14.4 | 12.9 | 11.9 | 11.0 | 10.7 | 10.2 | 9.8 | 9.6 |
| Philadelphia, PA–NJ | 14.9 | 14.2 | 13.8 | 13.6 | 13.7 | 13.5 | 12.6 | 11.2 | 10.2 | 9.3 | 8.8 |
| Phoenix–Mesa, AZ | 7.5 | 6.4 | 5.6 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 3.6 |
| Pittsburgh, PA | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 3.9 |
| Portland–Vancouver, OR–WA | 6.0 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.1 |
| Providence–Warwick, RIa | 8.6 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 8.5 | 7.2 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.1 | 5.3 |
| Raleigh–Durham–Chapel Hill, NC | 10.6 | 10.8 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 10.6 | 9.2 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 7.9 | 8.0 | 7.7 |
| Richmond–Petersburg, VA | 8.4 | 7.7 | 7.0 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 4.9 | 4.4 |
| Riverside–San Bernardino, CA | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 4.8 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.5 |
| Rochester, NYa | 17.0 | 16.1 | 15.2 | 14.3 | 13.4 | 11.9 | 10.3 | 8.8 | 7.8 | 7.4 | 7.4 |
| Sacramento, CA | 4.8 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 3.7 |
| Salt Lake City–Ogden, UTa | 6.8 | 6.0 | 5.1 | 4.3 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 3.1 |
| San Antonio, TXa | 3.4 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.6 |
| San Diego, CA | 6.9 | 6.3 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.4 |
| San Francisco, CA | 20.6 | 18.5 | 16.4 | 14.4 | 12.1 | 10.6 | 10.0 | 9.1 | 8.9 | 9.8 | 11.7 |
| San Jose, CA | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 4.4 |
| San Juan, PRa | 41.9 | 37.9 | 34.4 | 31.3 | 28.6 | 26.1 | 23.8 | 22.0 | 20.8 | 20.4 | 20.6 |
| Sarasota–Bradenton, FL | 9.7 | 7.2 | 5.6 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 2.8 |
| Scranton–Wilkes–Barre–Hazleton, PA | 9.3 | 8.8 | 8.6 | 8.5 | 8.3 | 7.2 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.3 |
| Seattle–Bellevue–Everett, WA | 5.6 | 4.5 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.9 |
| Springfield, MA | 18.8 | 16.4 | 14.1 | 11.8 | 9.9 | 9.1 | 8.5 | 7.7 | 7.0 | 6.3 | 5.9 |
| St. Louis, MO–IL | 4.7 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.1 |
| Stockton–Lodi, CAa | 4.1 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.3 |
| Syracuse, NYa | 15.7 | 15.4 | 15.3 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 14.8 | 13.9 | 13.0 | 12.1 | 11.6 | 11.2 |
| Tacoma, WAa | 4.3 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.1 |
| Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater, FL | 13.7 | 12.6 | 11.5 | 10.5 | 9.7 | 8.7 | 7.3 | 6.6 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 6.1 |
| Toledo, OHa | 4.1 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.5 |
| Tucson, AZa | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 1.7 |
| Tulsa, OKa | 7.0 | 5.9 | 5.0 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.2 |
| Ventura, CAa | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.0 |
| Washington, DC–MD–VA–WV | 13.4 | 13.8 | 13.9 | 13.6 | 13.0 | 12.1 | 11.0 | 10.2 | 9.5 | 9.1 | 9.0 |
| West Palm Beach–Boca Raton, FL | 13.8 | 12.5 | 11.6 | 11.0 | 10.9 | 10.4 | 9.9 | 10.2 | 10.1 | 9.6 | 8.7 |
| Wichita, KSa | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.3 | 6.7 | 5.7 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 3.3 |
| Wilmington–Newark, DE–MD | 15.4 | 15.8 | 15.8 | 15.3 | 14.5 | 13.0 | 10.8 | 8.7 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 8.2 |
| Youngstown, OHa | 6.4 | 5.8 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.7 |
aImputed values