Cells from diabetic NOD-RIP-CD80 mice adoptively transfer diabetes with reduced efficiency to NOD.scid mice, which can be overcome by local expression of costimulatory molecules. A, Diabetes incidence in NOD.scid recipients following adoptive transfer of 20 × 106 splenocytes from diabetic NOD (Tg negative (−ve)), NOD-RIP-CD80, or NOD-RIP-CD86 mice. Mice were tested for diabetes every 2 days. The difference in incidence was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). B, Islet infiltration in nondiabetic NOD.scid mice 16-wk postadoptive transfer of splenocytes from diabetic NOD-RIP-CD80 (top panel) or NOD-RIP-CD86 (bottom panel) mice. The sections were stained for CD4 and CD8 T cells and for B cells (B220). C, Diabetes incidence in NOD.scid-RIP-CD80 recipients following adoptive transfer of 20 × 106 splenocytes from diabetic NOD-RIP-CD80 mice. Mice were tested every 2 days.