Table 7.
Presence of dysmorphic features by cocaine statusa
| Abnormality | Cocaine (n = 154) |
Non-cocaine (n = 131) |
t/χ2 | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | |||
| Craniofacial | 140 | 90.9 | 116 | 88.6 | 0.43 | 0.51 |
| Mouth | 84 | 54.6 | 75 | 57.3 | 0.21 | 0.65 |
| Ear | 111 | 72.1 | 85 | 64.9 | 1.71 | 0.19 |
| Eye | 114 | 74.0 | 91 | 69.5 | 0.73 | 0.39 |
| Facies | 52 | 33.8 | 41 | 31.3 | 0.20 | 0.66 |
| Head shape | 19 | 12.4 | 8 | 6.2 | 3.20 | 0.07 |
| Nose | 120 | 78.4 | 101 | 77.1 | 0.07 | 0.79 |
| Lips (mean, SD)b | 2.14 | 1.1 | 2.13 | 1.1 | -0.07 | 0.94 |
| Philtrum (mean, SD)b | 2.43 | 1.2 | 2.40 | 1.2 | -0.25 | 0.80 |
| Limb | 108 | 70.1 | 100 | 76.3 | 1.38 | 0.24 |
| Hands | 63 | 40.9 | 57 | 43.5 | 0.20 | 0.66 |
| Skin | 94 | 61.0 | 87 | 66.4 | 0.88 | 0.35 |
| Arms* | 2 | 1.3 | 2 | 1.6 | 0.03 | 1.00 |
| Legs* | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.8 | 1.20 | 0.46 |
| Feet | 66 | 43.1 | 59 | 45.7 | 0.19 | 0.66 |
| Other findings | 137 | 89.0 | 118 | 90.1 | 0.09 | 0.76 |
| Hair | 9 | 5.8 | 11 | 8.4 | 0.71 | 0.40 |
| Chest | 34 | 22.1 | 19 | 14.5 | 2.68 | 0.10 |
| Neurologic* | 4 | 2.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.82 | 0.13 |
| Forehead | 73 | 47.4 | 54 | 41.2 | 1.09 | 0.30 |
| Neck* | 6 | 3.9 | 1 | 0.8 | 2.87 | 0.13 |
| Abdomen | 7 | 4.6 | 4 | 3.1 | 0.45 | 0.51 |
| Genito-urinary | 8 | 5.4 | 6 | 4.7 | 0.07 | 0.80 |
| Spine | 9 | 5.9 | 6 | 4.6 | 0.22 | 0.64 |
| Joints | 15 | 9.7 | 14 | 11.1 | 0.14 | 0.71 |
| Motor* | 4 | 2.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 3.37 | 0.13 |
| Total anomalies/subject (mean, SD)b | 14.97 | 5.7 | 14.55 | 5.7 | -0.62 | 0.54 |
*
Fisher’s Exact test used due to small sample size.
a
Indicates number and percent with abnormal features (coded as yes/no).
b
Expressed as mean and standard deviation.