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. 2007 Jun 20;21(2):111–119. doi: 10.3341/kjo.2007.21.2.111

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Copyright © 2007 The Korean Ophthalmological Society

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 1 — Quantitative real-time PCR of three genes using GAPDH as an endogenous control. "^*" indicates a significant difference between normal and diabetic rats stimulated with or without IL-1α or TNF-α IL-6 and TGF-β 2 showed no significant difference between untreated normal and diabetic rat, but the diabetic rat showed a significant down-regulation when cytokine treated. Ppm1a showed a significant up-regulation in all diabetic cases.