Table 1.
Characteristics of the 1208 Patients Enrolled in the EDIC Study Who Were Evaluated after Four Years of Follow-up.*
| Characteristic | DCCT Treatment Group | P Value |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| CONVENTIONAL (N=603) |
INTENSIVE (N=605) |
||
| At DCCT entry | |||
| Women (%) | 47 | 48 | 0.69 |
| Age (yr) | 27±7 | 27±7 | 0.13 |
| Duration of diabetes (yr) | 5.6±4.1 | 5.9±4.2 | 0.18 |
| Glycosylated hemoglobin (%) | 9.0±1.6 | 9.0±1.6 | 0.41 |
| At EDIC entry† | |||
| Age (yr) | 33±7 | 34±7 | 0.08 |
| Duration of diabetes (yr) | 11.7±4.8 | 12.1±4.9 | 0.11 |
| DCCT follow-up (yr) | 6.1±1.7 | 6.2±1.7 | 0.16 |
| Glycosylated hemoglobin (%) | 9.0±1.2 | 7.3±0.9 | <0.001 |
| Level of retinopathy (%) | <0.001 | ||
| None | 18 | 29 | |
| Microaneurysms only | 30 | 38 | |
| Mild nonproliferative retinopathy | 30 | 22 | |
| Moderate or severe nonproliferative retinopathy |
22 | 11 | |
| Photocoagulation during DCCT (%) | |||
| Scatter, for retinopathy | 4 | 2 | 0.018 |
| Focal, for macular edema | 5 | 2 | 0.038 |
| Nephropathy at EDIC year 3 or 4 (%)‡ | |||
| Albumin excretion >28 μg/min | 13 | 7 | 0.002 |
| Albumin excretion >208 μg/min | 3 | 2 | 0.14 |
| Creatinine clearance <70 ml/min/ 1.73 m2 |
1 | 2 | 0.63 |
| Treatment at EDIC year 4 (%) | |||
| Continuous subcutaneous insulin in- fusion (pump) or multiple daily injections |
75 | 95 | <0.001 |
| Self-monitoring of blood glucose ≥4 times per day |
40 | 45 | 0.064 |
*
Plus-minus values are means ±SD. EDIC denotes Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications, and DCCT Diabetes Control and Complications Trial.
†
The base-line data in the EDIC study were the same as the data at the end of the DCCT.
‡
The results for nephropathy include 1302 EDIC participants (649 from the former conventional-therapy group and 653 from the former intensive-therapy group).