Table 3.

Summary of hierarchical linear regression analysis for model predicting maternal vocabulary (N = 70)

Independent Variable	B	SEB	β	t
Step 1: Demographic controls
Mother level of education	−1.06	5.06	−0.03	−0.21
Mother age	2.43	1.11	0.28	2.20*
Hours/week in childcare	−0.15	0.46	−0.04	−0.32
Age of entry in childcare	−1.58	2.37	−0.08	−0.67
R2 = .02, F(4, 65) = 1.43
Step 2: Quality Parent-child Interactions
Maternal sensitivity	14.14	11.57	0.17	1.22
Maternal directive behavior	25.08	21.32	0.16	1.18
R2 = .02, F(6, 63) = 1.28, ΔR2 = 0, F change (2, 63) = 0.97
Step 3: Marital Relationship
Marital conflict	5.37	3.20	0.22	1.68
Marital love	18.91	4.90	0.49	3.86***
R2 = .19, F(8, 61) = 3.03**, ΔR2 = .17, F change (2, 61) = 7.49**
Step 4: Family Relationships
Family conflict	−18.97	8.28	−0.34	−2.29*
Family cohesion	4.54	8.37	0.08	0.54
Family expression	−0.64	6.81	−0.01	−0.09
R2 = .26, F(11, 58) = 3.18,** ΔR2= .07, F change (3, 58) = 2.86*

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.

^****p < .0001.