Table 4.

Summary of hierarchical linear regression analysis for model predicting paternal vocabulary (N = 70)

Independent Variable	B	SEB	β	t
Step 1: Demographic controls
Father level of education	1.75	4.79	0.05	0.37
Father age	−0.63	1.13	−0.07	−0.56
Hours/week in childcare	−0.01	0.48	−0.00	−0.01
Age of entry in childcare	−2.03	2.45	−0.11	−0.83
R2 = 0, F(4, 65) = 0.30
Step 2: Quality Parent-child Interactions
Paternal sensitivity	43.71	11.91	0.45	3.67***
Paternal directive behavior	47.66	16.35	0.34	2.92**
R2 = .17, F(6, 63) = 3.34**, ΔR2 = .17, F change (2, 63) = 9.25***
Step 3: Marital Relationship
Marital conflict	1.12	3.05	0.05	0.37
Marital love	15.03	4.71	0.38	3.19**
R2 = .29, F(8, 61) = 4.48***, ΔR2 = .12, F change (2, 61) = 6.26**
Step 4: Family Relationships
Family conflict	−25.82	9.47	−0.46	−2.73**
Family cohesion	−5.85	8.09	−0.10	−0.72
Family expression	−1.77	6.72	−0.03	−0.26
R2 = .35, F(11, 58) = 4.30,**** ΔR2 = .06, F change (3, 58) = 2.78*

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.

^****p < .0001.