TABLE 2.
In vitro activities of piperacillin in combination with BLI-489 and comparative antibacterial agents against recently identified gram-negative clinical isolates
| Organism (no. of isolates) | Antibiotic | MIC (μg/ml)
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range | 50% | 90% | ||
| Escherichia coli (52) | Piperacillin | 0.5->128 | 2 | >128 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 0.5-128 | 2 | 2 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | 0.25-64 | 1 | 2 | |
| Levofloxacin | ≤0.015->16 | 0.03 | 8 | |
| Cefepime | ≤0.015-16 | 0.03 | 0.06 | |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.03->32 | 0.06 | 0.06 | |
| Imipenem | 0.06-0.25 | 0.12 | 0.12 | |
| Escherichia coli class A ESBL (31) | Piperacillin | >128 | >128 | >128 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 1->128 | 8 | >128 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | 1-32 | 4 | 16 | |
| Levofloxacin | ≤0.015->16 | 8 | >16 | |
| Cefepime | 0.5->16 | >16 | >16 | |
| Ceftriaxone | 8->32 | >32 | >32 | |
| Imipenem | 0.12-1 | 0.12 | 0.5 | |
| Escherichia coli class A ESBL plus class D OXA (17) | Piperacillin | >128 | >128 | >128 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 1->128 | 16 | 32 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | 2-16 | 4 | 8 | |
| Levofloxacin | 0.03->16 | 16 | >16 | |
| Cefepime | 8->16 | >16 | >16 | |
| Ceftriaxone | >32 | >32 | >32 | |
| Imipenem | 0.12-1 | 0.12 | 0.25 | |
| Escherichia coli AmpC (17) | Piperacillin | 16->128 | >128 | >128 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 2-64 | 8 | 32 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | 1-16 | 8 | 16 | |
| Levofloxacin | 0.03->16 | 16 | >16 | |
| Cefepime | 0.25->16 | >16 | >16 | |
| Ceftriaxone | 4->32 | >32 | >32 | |
| Imipenem | 0.12-0.5 | 0.12 | 0.25 | |
| Miscellaneous Enterobacteriaceaea (AmpC) (17) | Piperacillin | 32->128 | >128 | >128 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 8->128 | 64 | 128 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | 0.5-128 | 2 | 16 | |
| Levofloxacin | ≤0.015-16 | 0.12 | 8 | |
| Cefepime | 0.25->16 | 1 | 4 | |
| Ceftriaxone | 4->32 | 32 | >32 | |
| Imipenem | 0.5-2 | 0.5 | 2 | |
| Enterobacter aerogenes (50) | Piperacillin | 0.5->128 | 4 | 128 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 0.25->128 | 4 | 64 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | 0.5-32 | 2 | 8 | |
| Levofloxacin | 0.03->16 | 0.06 | 0.5 | |
| Cefepime | ≤0.015->16 | 0.03 | 0.5 | |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.03->32 | 0.12 | >32 | |
| Imipenem | 0.5->32 | 1 | 2 | |
| Enterobacter cloacae (52) | Piperacillin | 1->128 | 4 | >128 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 0.5->128 | 2 | >128 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | 0.5-16 | 2 | 16 | |
| Levofloxacin | ≤0.015->16 | 0.06 | >16 | |
| Cefepime | ≤0.015->16 | 0.12 | >16 | |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.03->32 | 0.5 | >32 | |
| Imipenem | 0.12-2 | 0.5 | 1 | |
| Citrobacter koseri (51) | Piperacillin | 4->128 | 32 | >128 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 1->128 | 2 | 8 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | 1-64 | 2 | 8 | |
| Levofloxacin | ≤0.015-0.25 | 0.03 | 0.06 | |
| Cefepime | ≤0.015->16 | 0.03 | 0.12 | |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.03->32 | 0.06 | 0.25 | |
| Imipenem | 0.06-0.5 | 0.12 | 0.12 | |
| Citrobacter freundii complex (51) | Piperacillin | 1->128 | 4 | >128 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 0.5->128 | 2 | 64 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | 1->128 | 2 | 8 | |
| Levofloxacin | ≤0.015->16 | 0.12 | 2 | |
| Cefepime | ≤0.015->16 | 0.03 | 8 | |
| Ceftriaxone | 0.12->32 | 0.5 | >32 | |
| Imipenem | 0.5-2 | 1 | 1 | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae (54) | Piperacillin | 2->128 | 8 | 128 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 1->128 | 2 | 16 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | 1-16 | 2 | 8 | |
| Levofloxacin | 0.03->16 | 0.06 | 0.5 | |
| Cefepime | ≤0.015-0.25 | 0.03 | 0.12 | |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.03-0.25 | 0.06 | 0.12 | |
| Imipenem | 0.12-1 | 0.25 | 0.5 | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae class A ESBL (36) | Piperacillin | 128->128 | >128 | >128 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 2->128 | 32 | >128 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | 2-128 | 16 | 32 | |
| Levofloxacin | 0.03->16 | 0.5 | 8 | |
| Cefepime | 0.5->16 | 8 | >16 | |
| Ceftriaxone | 0.12->32 | >32 | >32 | |
| Imipenem | 0.06-2 | 0.25 | 0.5 | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae class A ESBL plus class D OXA (20) | Piperacillin | 64->128 | >128 | >128 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 4->128 | 16 | >128 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | 4-128 | 8 | 64 | |
| Levofloxacin | 0.06->16 | 1 | >16 | |
| Cefepime | 2->16 | >16 | >16 | |
| Ceftriaxone | 16->32 | >32 | >32 | |
| Imipenem | 0.12-1 | 0.25 | 0.5 | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae (AmpC) (30) | Piperacillin | 32->128 | >128 | >128 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 8->128 | 32 | >128 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | 4->128 | 16 | >128 | |
| Levofloxacin | 0.06->16 | 2 | >16 | |
| Cefepime | 0.12->16 | 2 | >16 | |
| Ceftriaxone | 8->32 | 32 | >32 | |
| Imipenem | 0.12-32 | 1 | 16 | |
| Klebsiella oxytoca (53) | Piperacillin | 0.5->128 | 8 | 64 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 0.25->128 | 2 | 8 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | 0.25-16 | 2 | 8 | |
| Levofloxacin | ≤0.015-8 | 0.03 | 0.25 | |
| Cefepime | ≤0.015->16 | 0.03 | 0.06 | |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.03->32 | 0.06 | 0.12 | |
| Imipenem | 0.12-0.5 | 0.25 | 0.5 | |
| Serratia marcescens (52) | Piperacillin | 1->128 | 4 | >128 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 0.5-64 | 2 | 64 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | 0.5-16 | 1 | 4 | |
| Levofloxacin | 0.06-8 | 0.12 | 4 | |
| Cefepime | 0.03->16 | 0.06 | 8 | |
| Ceftriaxone | 0.06->32 | 0.5 | >32 | |
| Imipenem | 0.25-4 | 1 | 2 | |
| Morganella morganii (54) | Piperacillin | 0.25->128 | 8 | >128 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤0.12-16 | 0.5 | 1 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | ≤0.12-8 | 0.25 | 2 | |
| Levofloxacin | ≤0.015->16 | 0.03 | >16 | |
| Cefepime | ≤0.015->16 | 0.03 | 0.25 | |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.03->32 | 0.06 | 8 | |
| Imipenem | 0.5-4 | 4 | 4 | |
| Proteus mirabilis (50) | Piperacillin | ≤0.12->128 | >128 | >128 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤0.12-64 | 0.25 | 2 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | ≤0.12-2 | 0.25 | 0.5 | |
| Levofloxacin | 0.03->16 | 0.5 | 16 | |
| Cefepime | 0.03->16 | 0.06 | >16 | |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.03->32 | ≤0.03 | >32 | |
| Imipenem | 1-16 | 2 | 4 | |
| Proteus vulgaris (32) | Piperacillin | 0.25->128 | 64 | >128 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 0.25-8 | 0.5 | 2 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | 0.25-16 | 0.5 | 1 | |
| Levofloxacin | 0.03-1 | 0.03 | 0.12 | |
| Cefepime | 0.03-2 | 0.12 | 0.5 | |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.03->32 | 32 | >32 | |
| Imipenem | 0.5-4 | 2 | 4 | |
| Providencia spp.b (31) | Piperacillin | 0.25->128 | 2 | >128 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 0.25->128 | 2 | 16 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | 0.25-64 | 1 | 8 | |
| Levofloxacin | 0.06->16 | 1 | 16 | |
| Cefepime | ≤0.015->16 | 0.12 | >16 | |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.03->32 | 0.06 | >32 | |
| Imipenem | 0.5-2 | 2 | 2 | |
| Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/A. baumannii complex (54) | Piperacillin | 8->128 | >128 | >128 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤0.12->128 | >128 | >128 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | 2->128 | 64 | >128 | |
| Levofloxacin | 0.06-16 | 8 | 16 | |
| Cefepime | 1->16 | >16 | >16 | |
| Ceftriaxone | 4->32 | >32 | >32 | |
| Imipenem | 0.12->32 | 1 | 32 | |
| Acinetobacter spp.c (30) | Piperacillin | 0.5->128 | 4 | 128 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤0.12->128 | ≤0.12 | 32 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | 0.5-32 | 4 | 16 | |
| Levofloxacin | 0.03-2 | 0.12 | 2 | |
| Cefepime | 0.06->16 | 0.5 | 4 | |
| Ceftriaxone | 0.5->32 | 2 | 8 | |
| Imipenem | ≤0.03-4 | 0.06 | 0.5 | |
| Burkholderia cepacia (31) | Piperacillin | 2->128 | 32 | 128 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 0.25-128 | 4 | 64 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | 0.25-16 | 1 | 2 | |
| Levofloxacin | 0.12-8 | 2 | 4 | |
| Cefepime | 0.25->16 | 16 | >16 | |
| Ceftriaxone | 2->32 | 32 | >32 | |
| Imipenem | 0.25->32 | 8 | 16 | |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (50) | Piperacillin | >128 | >128 | >128 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 128->128 | >128 | >128 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | 32->128 | >128 | >128 | |
| Levofloxacin | 0.25-8 | 1 | 4 | |
| Cefepime | 1->16 | >16 | >16 | |
| Ceftriaxone | >32 | >32 | >32 | |
| Imipenem | >32 | >32 | >32 | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (54) | Piperacillin | 4->128 | 16 | >128 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 4->128 | 16 | >128 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | 4->128 | 8 | 64 | |
| Levofloxacin | 0.12->16 | 1 | >16 | |
| Cefepime | 0.5->16 | 4 | 16 | |
| Ceftriaxone | 8->32 | >32 | >32 | |
| Imipenem | 0.25->32 | 2 | 32 | |
| Haemophilus influenzae β-lactamase positive (37) | Piperacillin | 0.5-128 | 8 | 32 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤0.004-0.06 | 0.008 | 0.03 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | ≤0.004-0.015 | ≤0.004 | ≤0.004 | |
| Levofloxacin | ≤0.015-4 | ≤0.015 | ≤0.015 | |
| Cefepime | 0.03-0.25 | 0.06 | 0.12 | |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | |
| Imipenem | 0.06-2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Haemophilus influenzae β-lactamase negative (51) | Piperacillin | ≤0.004-0.12 | 0.015 | 0.03 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤0.004-0.12 | 0.008 | 0.03 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | ≤0.004-0.06 | ≤0.004 | 0.015 | |
| Levofloxacin | ≤0.015-8 | ≤0.015 | ≤0.015 | |
| Cefepime | 0.03-0.12 | 0.06 | 0.12 | |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | |
| Imipenem | 0.12-2 | 0.05 | 1 | |
| Haemophilus parainfluenzae (47) | Piperacillin | ≤0.004-128 | 0.06 | 0.5 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤0.004-2 | 0.06 | 0.25 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | ≤0.004-0.12 | ≤0.004 | ≤0.004 | |
| Levofloxacin | ≤0.015-4 | ≤0.015 | 0.06 | |
| Cefepime | ≤0.015-4 | 0.03 | 0.25 | |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.03-0.25 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | |
| Imipenem | ≤0.03-1 | 0.25 | 0.5 | |
| Moraxella catarrhalis (29) | Piperacillin | ≤0.12-32 | 0.25 | 8 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤0.004-0.015 | ≤0.004 | 0.008 | |
| Piperacillin-BLI-489 | ≤0.004-0.03 | ≤0.004 | 0.015 | |
| Levofloxacin | ≤0.015-0.06 | 0.03 | 0.06 | |
| Cefepime | 0.06-8 | 0.25 | 4 | |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.03-1 | ≤0.03 | 0.5 | |
| Imipenem | ≤0.03-0.12 | ≤0.03 | 0.06 | |
a
Species (no. of isolates) included C. freundii (3), E. aerogenes (1), E. cloacae (7), and S. marcescens (6).
b
Species (no. of isolates) included P. rettgeri (11) and P. stuartii (20).
c
Species (no. of isolates) included A. haemolyticus (5), A. johnsonii/A. junii (7), and A. lwoffi (18).